The use of meloxicam oral suspension to treat musculoskeletal lameness in cattle

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptions of animals selected for musculoskeletal study

Number	Owner	Description	Age (years)	Sex	Body weight (kg)
1	1	Hereford	11	F	805
2	2	Hereford	7	F	750
3	2	Hereford	11	F	727
4	3	Angus	6	F	616
5	3	Angus	13	F	680
6	4	Hereford X	5	F	682
7	4	Charolais X	8	F	786
8	4	Angus	7	F	704
9	4	Angus	1	MC	309
10	5	Angus	6	F	590
11	5	Angus	6	F	613
12	5	Angus	7	F	795
13	5	Angus	5	F	682
14	5	Angus	4	M	954
15	5	Angus	12	F	568
16	5	Angus	6	F	680
17	6	Angus X	8	F	727
18	6	Simmental X	5	F	750
19	6	Angus X	6	F	804
20	6	Angus X	5	F	681
21	7	Angus	5	F	680
22	7	Angus	6	F	750
23	8	Hereford	2	M	863
24	8	Hereford	6	F	738
25	8	Hereford	7	F	660
26	8	Hereford	7	F	590
27	9	Charolais X	10	F	659
28	9	Charolais X	10	F	640
29	9	Charolais X	12	F	705
30	9	Charolais X	10	F	682
31	9	Charolais X	13	F	614
32	9	Charolais X	11	F	705
33	9	Charolais X	12	F	546
34	9	Charolais X	11	F	614
35	10	Hereford	3	F	522
36	10	Hereford	11	F	636
37	11	Angus	3	F	545
38	11	Angus	11	F	682
39	12	Hereford	10	F	704
40	13	Simmental X	14	F	613
41	13	Simmental X	6	F	568
42	13	Angus	1	MC	360
43	14	Hereford X	12	F	590
44	14	Hereford X	10	F	636
45	15	Simmental X	12	F	590
46	15	Angus	9	F	681
47	15	Charolais X	12	F	600
48	15	Simmental X	7	F	636
49	15	Angus	5	F	590
50	15	Charolais X	10	F	636
51	15	Angus	10	F	682
52	15	Simmental X	10	F	590
53	15	Angus	6	F	602

Abbreviations: F, female; M, male; MC, male castrate.

Table 2 Lameness and inflammation scoring

Score	Severity	Description
Lameness scoring
0	Normal	Stands and walks normally, with all feet placed with purpose
1	Mildly lame	Stands with flat back but arches when walks and gait is slightly abnormal
2	Moderately lame	Stands and walks with an arched back and short strides with one or more legs
3	Lame	Arched back standing and walking, with one or more limbs favored but at least partially weight-bearing
4	Severely lame	Arched back, refuses to bear weight on one limb, or may refuse or have great difficulty moving from lying position
Inflammation scoring
0	No inflammation	No swelling observed
1	Mild	Slight swelling observed on limb or foot
2	Moderate	Moderate swelling on the limb and/or foot
3	Severe	Severe swelling of limb and/or foot

Table 3 Pre- and posttreatment lameness and inflammation scores of affected limbs

Meloxicam (1 mg/kg body weight)							Saline (1 mL/15 kg body weight)
Animal number	Location	Pretreatment		Posttreatment		Lameness score difference	Animal number	Location	Pretreatment		Posttreatment		Lameness score difference
		Lameness score	Inflammation score	Lameness score	Inflammation score				Lameness score	Inflammation score	Lameness score	Inflammation score
2	LH foot	1	0	0	0	1	1	RH stifle	2	0	2	0	0
3	LRH stifle	3	0	1	0	2	5	LH stifle	2	0	2	0	0
4	RH hip	3	0	1	0	2	7	LH hip	2	0	2	0	0
6	LH hip	2	0	2	0	0	8	LH hip	2	0	2	0	0
9	LH hip	2	0	3	0	−1	11	LH foot	3	1	3	1	0
10	LH foot	3	2	1	1	2	13	LH foot	3	2	3	2	0
12	RF foot	3	2	1	1	2	15	LH foot	4	2	4	2	0
14	RF fetlock	3	1	2	1	1	17	LH hip	2	0	2	0	0
16	LH foot	3	2	1	1	2	19	RF foot	3	0	1	0	2
18	RF fetlock	2	0	1	0	1	22	RF foot	2	2	2	2	0
20	LF foot	3	0	0	0	3	24	RF foot	2	0	2	0	0
21	LRH feet	2	0	0	0	2	25	LRH feet	2	0	2	0	0
23	LRH feet	2	0	1	0	1	28	RF foot	2	0	2	0	0
26	RF foot	2	0	0	0	2	29	LRH feet	2	0	2	0	0
27	RH hip	2	0	1	0	1	30	LH hip	2	0	1	0	1
31	LRH feet	2	0	1	0	1	34	RH stifle	3	0	3	0	0
32	RH fetlock	2	0	0	0	2	37	RH foot	2	0	2	0	0
33	RH stifle	3	0	1	0	2	38	RH stifle	2	0	2	0	0
35	RH stifle	4	0	3	0	1	39	RH hip	2	0	2	0	0
36	LH stifle	3	0	1	0	2	40	RH hip	2	0	3	0	–1
43	RH stifle	3	2	1	2	2	41	RH stifle	3	0	3	0	0
44	LRF feet	2	0	1	0	1	42	RH stifle	4	0	4	0	0
45	LRF feet	2	0	1	0	1	49	LRH stifle	2	0	2	0	0
46	LRH feet	2	0	0	0	2	50	LH hip	2	0	1	0	1
47	RH fetlock	2	2	1	2	1	51	LH stifle	2	0	2	0	0
48	LH stifle	2	0	1	0	1
52	LH stifle	2	0	1	0	1
53	RH stifle	2	0	0	0	2
	N	28	4	28	4	28			25	4	25	4	25
	Mean	2.39	2	0.96	1	1.43			2.36	1.25	2.24	1.75	0.12
	SD	0.63	0	0.79	0	0.79			0.64	0.96	0.78	0.50	0.53
	# Respondents			26	4	26					3	0	3
	% Respondents			92.8	100	92.8					12	0	12

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; LH, left hind; RH, right hind; LRH, left and right hind; RF, right front; LF, left front; LRF, left and right front

Table 4 Meloxicam in milk after administration of MOS (ng/mL)

Animal	Milk meloxicam concentration (ηg/mL)ng
	48-hour sample		72-hour sample		96-hour sample		120-hour sample
	Real duration (hour:minute)	Milk meloxicam (ηg/mL)	Real duration (hour:minute)	Milk meloxicam (ηg/mL)	Real duration (hour:minute)	Milk meloxicam (ηg/mL)	Real duration (hour:minute)	Milk meloxicam (ηg/mL)
1	47:35	14.46	71:45	2.64	95:30	<1.0	119:20	<1.0
2	48:05	19.30	71:45	1.94	95:30	1.11	118:35	<1.0
3	46:55	22.24	71:10	1.99	95:10	<1.0	119:15	<1.0
4	48:05	15.83	71:55	<1	96:05	<1.0	120:10	<1.0
5	46:45	24.31	71:10	3.67	95:05	<1.0	118:45	<1.0
6	48:00	12.50	72:05	1.11	96:05	<1.0	120:05	<1.0
7	47:35	26.99	71:30	3.66	95:35	<1.0	119:30	<1.0
8	47:40	26.16	71:45	2.79	95:25	<1.0	119:35	<1.0
9	47:15	43.46	71:10	3.12	95:15	<1.0	119:05	<1.0
10	47:20	50.54	71:25	5.14	95:15	1.29	119:30	<1.0
11	47:40	15.51	71:45	2.53	95:35	<1.0	119:35	<1.0
12	47:35	46.12	71:33	4.22	95:25	<1.0	119:30	<1.0
13	48:05	19.60	71:40	3.60	96:05	<1.0	120:05	<1.0
14	47:40	27.15	71:45	1.47	95:45	<1.0	119:45	<1.0
15	47:10	39.20	70:48	3.45	94:35	<1.0	118:55	<1.0
16	48:00	44.54	72:06	2.69	95:41	1.15	121:00	<1.0
17	48:15	44.16	72:06	3.70	95:50	<1.0	120:17	<1.0
18	47:55	46.42	72:10	3.78	95:40	1.59	120:05	<1.0
19	48:20	20.86	72:30	1.32	96:08	<1.0	120:30	<1.0
20	48:25	21.44	72:20	3.72	95:54	<1.0	120:20	<1.0
21	48:27	28.79	72:27	1.30	96:07	1.37	120:15	<1.0
22	48:05	67.00	71:57	3.30	95:36	1.25	120:05	<1.0
Mean	47:46	30.75	71:45	2.82	95:36	1.08	119:44	N/A
Median	47:47	26.58	71:45	2.96	95:35	1.00	119:40	N/A
Minimum	46:45	12.5	70:48	<1.00	94:35	<1.00	118:35	N/A
Maximum	48:27	67.00	72:30	5.14	96:08	1.59	121:00	N/A
SD	0:28	14.56	0:26	1.13	0:23	0.16	0:36	N/A
# <MRL		14		22		22		22
% <MRL		63.6		100		100		100

Abbreviations: N/A, not applicable; SD, standard deviation; MRL, maximum residue limit; MOS, meloxicam oral suspension.