The associations between serum adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, insulin, and serum long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in Labrador Retrievers

Figures & data

Table 1 Median and range as a percentage for all major omega-3 fatty acids, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid evaluated in serum phospholipids as measured by capillary gas–liquid chromatography

	Linoleic acid	Arachidonic acid	Alpha-linolenic acid	Docosapentaenoic acid	Docosahexaenoic acid	Eicosapentaenoic acid
Mean	14.38	20.54	0.18	1.53	1.86	0.66
Median	14.6	20.77	0.15	1.28	1.76	0.34
Range	6.86–19.34	11.86–36.41	0–0.53	0.21–6.25	0.34–5.19	0–4.3

Figure 1 Box and whisker plot of mean log-transformed serum adiponectin concentration and its association with BCS.

Notes: The box represents the 25th and 75th percentile with the mean as the line in the box, whiskers are the 97.5th and 2.5th percentiles. No significant differences were found between groups.
Abbreviation: BCS, body condition score.

Table 2 Multivariable linear regression showing the effect of EPA, DHA, and age on adiponectin; R²=0.19; P=0.001

Parameter	Regression coefficient β (SE)	Percent increase in adiponectin concentrationa	P
Age	0.047 (0.017)	4.85	0.008
DHA	−0.207 (0.077)	−18.70	0.009
EPA	0.224 (0.099)	25.16	0.027

Notes:

a Percent increase in adiponectin concentration per unit increase in age, EPA, and DHA, respectively. Calculated as [(e^β − 1) × 100].

Abbreviations: DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; SE, standard error.

Figure 2 Box and whisker plot of mean log-transformed serum leptin concentration and its association with BCS.

Notes: The box represents the 25th and 75th percentile with the mean as the line in the box, whiskers are the 97.5th and 2.5th percentiles. *Significant difference between the lean group and the obese group (P<0.001); **significant difference between the lean versus the overweight group (P<0.001).
Abbreviation: BCS, body condition score.

Table 3 Multivariable linear regression showing the effect of DHA, DPA, and BCS on leptin; R²=0.39; P<0.0001

Parameter	Regression coefficient β (SE)	Percent increase in leptin concentrationa	P	Mean (ng/mL)b
Age	0.069 (0.029)	7.09	0.021	–
DHA	0.201 (0.081)	22.25	0.015	–
DPA	−0.198 (0.104)	−18.0	0.060	–
Obese	1.601 (0.268)	395.55	,0.0001	14.81
Overweight	1.187 (0.196)	227.82	,0.0001	9.79
Lean	Reference category			2.99

Note: Lean comparison to obese, and lean to overweight being significant while obese to overweight was not a significantly different population.

a Percent increase in adiponectin concentration per unit increase in age, eicosapentaenoic acid, and DHA, respectively, as well as for the obese and overweight group compared to the lean group as reference category, respectively. Calculated as [(e^β − 1) × 100];

b geometric mean.

Abbreviations: DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; BCS, body condition score; SE, standard error.

Figure 3 Box and whisker plot of mean log-transformed serum insulin and its association with BCS.

Notes: The box represents the 25th and 75th percentile with the mean as the line in the box, whiskers are the 97.5th and 2.5th percentiles. *Significant difference between obese and lean; and overweight and obese (P<0.001).
Abbreviation: BCS, body condition score.