Jet set pets: examining the zoonosis risk in animal import and travel across the European Union

Figures & data

Table 1 Animals successfully entering the UK under the pet travel scheme

Year	Dogs	Cats	Ferrets
2008	93,719	10,287	52
2009	89,376	7,128	55
2010	82,512	7,870	64
2011	85,774	8,279	68
2012*	139,216	14,444	93

Notes: Data from, Defra Zoonoses Reports 2008–2012.^79–83

* Harmonization of Travel scheme with other European Union member states on January 1, 2012.

Table 2 Canine vector-borne diseases

Disease	Vector	Causative agent	Zoonotic
Leishmaniasis	Sandflies	Leishmania infantum	Yes
Granulocytic anaplasmosis	Ticks	Anaplasma phagocytophilum	Yes
Monocytic ehrlichiosis	Ticks	Ehrlichia canis	Yes
Borreliosis	Ticks	Borrelia spp.	Yes
Piroplasmosis	Ticks	Babesia spp.	Rare
Heartworm disease	Mosquitoes	Dirofilaria immitis	Rare
Trypanosomiasis	Sandflies	Trypanosoma evansi	No
Hepatozoonosis	Ticks	Hepatozoon canis	No
Mediterranean spotted fever	Ticks	Rickettsia conorii	Yes
Bartonellosis	Fleas/ticks	Bartonella henselae	Yes
Encephalitis	Ticks	Louping ill virus	Rare

Note: Data from Day⁷⁸ and Irwin.⁷⁵

Table 3 Prominent tick species in Europe and the diseases they transmit

Species	Distribution	Diseases (etiological agent)
Ixodes ricinus	Common throughout Europe	Louping ill (Louping ill virus) Tick-borne encephalitis virus Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Tick-borne fever (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) Redwater fever (Babesia divergans)
Dermacentor reticulatus	Restricted distribution across continental Europe. Populations in Wales and southern England	Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species) Mediterranean spotted fever (Rickettsia conorii) Babesiosis (Babesia canis)
Haemaphysalis punctata	Restricted distribution across continental Europe. Populations in Wales and southern England	Babesiosis (Babesia motasi)
Rhipicephalus sanguineous	Restricted to southern and eastern Europe. Not present in the UK	Theileriosis (Theileria luwenshuni, Theileria recondite, Theileria ovis) Babesiosis (Babesia vogeli)
Hyalomma marginatum	Present in southern Europe. Not present in the UK	Hemorrhagic fever (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus)

Zoonoses Report United Kingdom 2008 Available from: http://archive.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/zoonoses/documents/report-2008.pdfAccessed November 27th, 2014

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Zoonoses Report UK 2012 Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/236983/pb13987-zoonoses-report-2012.pdfAccessed November 27th, 2014

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DayMJThe immunopathology of canine vector-borne diseasesParasit Vectors201144821489234

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