Dietary habits and cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and elderly populations: a review of evidence

Figures & data

Table 1 Studies examining dietary habits on cardiovascular disease risk in the elderly

		Observational/epidemiologic studies
Study	Sample	Type of study	Diet	Outcome
EPIC-elderly study^Citation20	34,086 men and 65,658 women	Cohort	european dietary patterns	Disease morbidity and mortality predictions for europe
The INTERHEART study^Citation3	12,461 cases and 14,637 controls (included in the analysis)	Case-control	Daily fruit and vegetable consumption	Reduced risk of acute myocardial infarction
The Seven Countries Study^Citation13,Citation14	12,763 middle-aged men	Cohort	Mediterranean-type diet	Saturated fat is correlated with elevated incidence and morality rates of CHD
The SENECA Study^Citation15	631 men and 650 women	Cohort	Diet according to healthy eating recommendations	Decreased mortality risk
The HALE Study^Citation16	1,507 seemingly healthy men and 832 women	Cohort	Mediterranean diet	Lower rate of all-causes and cause-specific mortality
The Framingham and offspring Study^Citation17^–^Citation19	5,124 individuals	Cohort	Diet according to healthy eating recommendations	Positively related to other healthy lifestyle factors (smaller amount of body fat, nonsmoking and higher physical activity levels)
Mediterranean Island Study (MEDIS)^Citation21	553 men and 637 women	Cross-sectional study	Mediterranean diet	Greater adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with lower cardiovascular risk
The Health Professional Follow-Up Study^Citation26	42,504 men	Cohort	Prudent-pattern diet and western-pattern diet	Increased risk of type 2 diabetes is associated with a western-pattern diet
Clinical trials
Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study^Citation27	499 cases and 501 controls	Randomized controlled trial	Diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, walnuts, and almonds and a local diet similar to the step 1 National Cholesterol education Program prudent diet	Reduction in coronary artery disease morbidity and mortality
The Mediterranean Diet, Cardiovascular risks and Gene Polymorphisms Study^Citation28	102 cases and 110 controls	Case-control study	Mediterranean type diet and low-fat diet	Significant reduction in cardiovascular disease risk factors
The Lyon Diet Heart Study^Citation29,Citation30	303 control subjects and 302 study subjects	Randomized single-blind clinical trial	Mediterranean-type diet	Reduced risk of cardiovascular complications

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