Eggshell membrane: A possible new natural therapeutic for joint and connective tissue disorders. Results from two open-label human clinical studies

Figures & data

Table 1 Single-arm trial mean values by category at baseline, 7 and 30 days post-treatment

	Days post-treatment	Mean ± SD	Percent improvement	P-value
General Pain	Baseline (n = 11)	3.6 ± 1.8	–	–
	7 (n = 11)	2.7 ± 1.7	25.8%	0.515
	30 (n = 11)	1.0 ± 1.2	72.5%	0.007
Flexion (ROM)	Baseline (n = 11)	64.2° ± 36.5°	–	–
	7 (n = 11)	82.0° ± 41.4°	27.8%	0.038
	30 (n = 11)	92.2° ± 38.4°	43.7%	0.006
ROM Pain	Baseline (n = 11)	2.9 ± 2.6	–	–
	7 (n = 11)	1.7 ± 2.1	43.3%	0.112
	30 (n = 11)	0.7 ± 1.3	75.9%	0.021

Notes: P-values were determined by pairwise, two-sided, t-test comparison, and represent treatment versus baseline.

* P < 0.05.

Abbreviations: ROM, range of motion; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Double-arm trial mean pain values at baseline, 7 and 30 days post-treatment

Days post-treatment	X Mean ± SD	Y Mean ± SD	Percent improvement	P-value
Baseline (n = 12, 14)	6.8 ± 1.9	5.6 ± 1.9	–	–
7 (n = 12, 14)	5.5 ± 2.0	3.9 ± 2.5	18.4%, 31.3%	0.021, 0.014
30 (n = 26)	4.3 ± 2.3	–	30.2%	0.0001

Notes: P-values were determined by pairwise, two-sided, t-test comparison, and represent treatment versus baseline.

* P < 0.05.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.