Spirituality and well being among elders: differences between elders with heart failure and those without heart failure

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the sample

Characteristics	Total (n = 84) N (%)	HF (n = 44) N (%)	Non HF (n = 40) N (%)
Gender
Male	37 (44.0)	30 (68.2)	7 (17.5)
Female	47 (56.0)	14 (31.8)	33 (82.5)
Race/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaskan Native	2 (2.4)	1 (2.3)	1 (2.3)
Black/Non Hispanic	13 (15.5)	13 (29.5)
Hispanic	3 (3.6)	1 (2.3)	2 (5.0)
White/Non-Hispanic	66 (78.6)	29 (65.9)	37 (92.5)
Age
>65–75	51 (60.7)	27 (61.4)	24 (60.0)
76–85	29 (34.5)	14 (31.8)	15 (37.5)
>86	4 (4.8)	3 (4.8)	1 (2.5)
Marital Status
Married	53 (63.1)	29 (65.9)	24 (60.0)
Widowed	20 (23.8)	9 (20.5)	11 (27.5)
Single	11 (13.2)	6 (13.7)	5 (12.5)
Highest level of education
≥Some college	48 (57.2)	26 (59.2)	22 (52.5)
7th grade to 12th grade	32 (38.2)	14 (31.8)	18 (32.5)
Less than 7 years of school	3 (3.6)	3 (6.8)	1 (2.5)
Joint annual income of your family?
Under $50,000	46 (54.8)	27 (61.4)	19 (47.5)
$50,000 to $74,999	14 (16.7)	7 (15.9)	7 (17.5)
≥$75,000	12 (14.4)	6 (13.5)	6 (15.0)
Religion
Christian	76 (90.5)	36 (81.8)	40 (100.0)
Judaism	4 (4.8)	4 (9.1)
Islam	2 (2.4)	2 (4.5)
No Religious Affiliation	1 (1.2)	1 (2.3)

Table 2 NYHA functional class in the heart failure group (N = 44)

NYHA class	N	%
II	22	50.0
III	14	31.8
IV	8	18.3

Table 3 Descriptive statistics on main variables

Variables	Total (n = 79)			HF (n = 42)			Non HF (n=37)
	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range
Daily spiritual experiences	34.60	15.54	9.00 84.00	35.90	17.3 8	9.00 84.00	33.1 1	13.2 3	15.00 69.00
Quality of life _ physical	37.77	12.55	15.03 62.95	31.58	9.48	15.03 49.62	44.6 3	12.0 3	15.89 62.95
Quality of life _ mental	51.29	9.75	25.36 64.54	50.65	10.3 7	27.78 64.54	52.0 0	9.10	25.36 63.21
spiritual index of well being	46.81	9.56	18.00 60.00	43.29	10.3 9	18.00 60.00	50.7 0	6.76	36.00 60.00
Depressive symptoms	9.77	7.66	.00 38.00	11.07	8.18	1.00 38.00	8.35	6.88	.00 23.00

Table 4 comparison in spiritual well-being between the HF group and non HF group after controlling for gender and ethnicity

	Type III Sum of squares	df	Mean square	F test	Significance
Corrected model	1325.62	3	441.87	5.73	0.00
Intercept	3348.35	1	3348.35	43.42	0.00
Gender	.31	1	0.31	0.00	0.95
Ethnic	255.92	1	255.92	3.32	0.07
Group	422.74	1	422.74	5.48	0.02
Error	5706.49	74	77.12
Total	177927.00	78

Table 5 Comparison in physical component of quality of life between the HF group and non HF group after controlling for gender and ethnicity

	Type III Sum of squares	df	Mean square	F test	Significance
Corrected model	3473.29	3	1157.76	9.91	0.00
Intercept	1925.04	1	1925.04	16.47	0.00
Gender	55.45	1	55.45	0.47	0.49
Ethnic	113.56	1	113.56	0.97	0.33
Group	1536.35	1	1536.36	13.14	0.00
Error	8649.40	74	116.89
Total	123407.68	78

Table 6 comparison in depressive symptoms between the HF group and non HF group after controlling for gender and ethnicity

	Type III Sum of squares	df	Mean square	F test	Significance
Corrected model	261.95	3	87.32	1.519	0.22
Intercept	27.08	1	27.08	0.471	0.495
Gender	108.03	1	108.03	1.879	0.175
Ethnic	14.25	1	14.25	0.248	0.620
Group	241.83	1	241.83	4.21	0.044
Error	4195.84	74	57.48
Total	11802.00	78