A five state dissemination of a community-based disability prevention program for older adults

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and health characteristics of participants at time of enrollment, comparing those completing one year with those not completing one year

Characteristic	Percent or Mean±SD
	Completing OneYear (n=115)	Not Completing OneYear (n=109)	p-value
Age, years, mean±SD	72.8±8.6	71.3±9.7	0.22
Female %	76.5	77.1	0.92
Non-white %	25.0	25.7	0.90
Chronic medical conditions %
Heart problems	31.0	33.3	0.71
Diabetes	20.4	26.9	0.26
Hypertension	58.4	56.6	0.67
Arthritis	63.7	63.9	0.98
Emphysema	14.2	14.8	0.89
Nervous or emotional	18.6	25.0	0.25
Cataract	53.1	40.7	0.07
Current smoker %	4.4	8.3	0.23
Difficulty with any ADL %	32.7	40.6	0.23
Difficulty with ADL %
Bathing	20.4	30.2	0.09
Dressing	13.3	23.8	0.05
Toileting	8.0	13.2	0.21
Transferring	17.7	22.6	0.36
Feeding	3.5	5.7	0.45
Difficulty with mobility %
Climbing one flight	43.4	58.7	0.03
Climbing several flights	70.4	81.4	0.06
Walking one block	32.4	39.2	0.30
Walking several blocks	57.8	63.6	0.39
Blocks walked per week, mean±SD	19±33	31±70	0.13
Disability risk factors
Depression
GDS score±SD	3.2±3.2	4.1±3.7	0.05
Physical inactivity
PACE score±SD	4.9±2.0	4.7±2.2	0.45
Nutritional risk
DETERMINE score±SD	3.7±2.7	5.1±3.6	0.001

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living: including bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, and feeding; DETERMINE, disease, eating poorly, tooth loss or mouth pain, economic hardship, reduced social contact, multiple medications, involuntary weight loss or gain, need for assistance in self-care, elderly; Scores ≥4 (range 0–21) on the Nutrition Screening Initiative DETERMINE instrument indicate a greater likelihood of poor health at baseline and functional disability a year later; GDS, 15-item Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale; scores >5 (range 0–15) suggest depression; SD, standard deviation; PACE, Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise; scores ≤4 (range 1–11) indicate physical inactivity.

Table 2 Number of participants with and severity (mean score) of disability risk factors at enrollment and after one year of program participationa,b

Risk factor	At enrollment	At one year follow-up	p-value
Depression (n=113)
Number (%)	18 (15.9)	10 (8.8)	0.004
GDS score, mean±SD	9.0±3.2	6.1±2.8	0.004
Physical inactivity (n=114)
Number (%)	44 (38.6)	18 (15.8)	0.001
PACE score, mean±SD	2.8±1.0	5.0±2.2	<0.001
Nutritional risk (n=111)
Number (%)	49 (44.1)	27 (24.3)	0.001
DETERMINE score, mean±SD	6.0±2.1	5.5±2.4	<0.001

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living: including bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, and feeding; DETERMINE, disease, eating poorly, tooth loss or mouth pain, economic hardship, reduced social contact, multiple medications, involuntary weight loss or gain, need for assistance in self-care, elderly; GDS, 15-item Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale; scores >5 (range 0–15) suggest depression; SD, standard deviation; PACE, Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise; scores ≤4 (range 1–11) indicate physical inactivity.

Note: ^aFor persons with complete data at enrollment and follow-up. Numbers vary due to variation in the number of persons who answered each set of items completely at both enrollment and follow-up;

^b Number (percent) and mean scores for those with disability risk factor at time of enrollment.

Table 3 Health and functional outcomes and utilization at enrollment and after one year of program participationa

Outcome	At enrollment variable	At one year follow-up	p-value
Self-rated health, number (%) (n=112)			0.09b
Good, very good, or excellent	77 (69)	87 (78)
Fair or poor	35 (31)	25 (22)
Number (%) with ≥1 bed day (n=102)	32 (31)	24 (24)	0.13
Number (%) with ≥1 restricted activity day (n=104)	48 (46)	35 (34)	0.06
Number (%) any ADL difficulty (n=113)	37 (33)	37 (33)	1.00
Number (%) any mobility difficulty (n=113)	87 (77)	85 (75)	0.82
Number (%) hospitalized (n=107)	19 (18)	19 (18)	1.00
Hospital days, mean±SD (n=107)	0.86±3.0	0.92±3.1	0.89

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; SD, standard deviation.

Note: ^aFor persons with complete data at enrollment and follow-up. Numbers vary due to variation in the number of persons who answered each question completely at both enrollment and follow-up;

^bResponses dichotomized by grouping good, very good, or excellent responses together and fair or poor responses together.