Is it necessary to cure prostate cancer when it is possible? (Understanding the role of prostate inflammation resolution to prostate cancer evolution)

Figures & data

Table 1 T-test: Paired two sample for means. Alpha significance level = 0.05

	Initial PSA	Follow-up PSA
Mean	6.83	3.36
Variance	8.76	6.34
Observations	23	23
Pearson correlation	0.43
Hypothesized mean difference	0
Df	22
t stat	5.65
p (T ≤ t) one-tail	0.000006
t critical one-tail	1.717144
P (T ≤ t) two-tail	0.000011
t critical two-tail	2.073875

Abbreviations: Df, degrees of freedom; PSA, prostate specific antigen.

Table 2 T-test: paired two sample for means: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors

	Dx. PSA (ng/ml)	Follow up PSA
Mean	6.38461538	2.6153846
Variance	10.2680769	1.1214103
Observations	13	13
Pearson correlation	−0.05984581
Hypothesized mean difference	0
Df	12
t Stat	3.95697795
p (T ≤ t) one-tail	0.00095184
t Critical one-tail	1.78228674
P (T ≤ t) two-tail	0.00190367
t Critical two-tail	2.17881279

Note: The p value is statistically significant at 0.0019.

Abbreviations: Df, degrees of freedom; Dx, diagnosis; PSA, prostate specific antigen.

Table 3 T-test: paired two sample for means: non-5-alpha reductase inhibitors

	Dx. PSA	Follow-up PSA
Mean	7.06	4.64
Variance	8.987111111	8.707111111
Observations	10	10
Pearson correlation	0.891877977
Hypothesized mean difference	0
Df	9
t Stat	5.529914009
p (T ≤ t) one-tail	0.000182887
t critical one-tail	1.833113856
p (T ≤ t) two-tail	0.000365774
t critical two-tail	2.262158887

Note: The p value is statistically significant at 0.00037.

Abbreviations: Df, degrees of freedom; Dx, diagnosis; PSA, prostate specific antigen.

Table 4 Chronic disease management protocol noting PSA response to 5–alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) versus non-5-ARIs (August 2005)

5-ARIs					Non-5-ARIs
Dx. PSA (ng/ml)	Gleason Score	Follow up PSA	Surveillance Months	Percent change	Dx. PSA (ng/ml)	Gleason Score	Follow up PSA	Surveillance Months	Percent change
8.5	5	3.1	72	64%	7.0	5	2.4	62	66%
5.4	6	2.1	41	61%	11.7	5/6	5.8	60	50%
2.1	5	2.8	42	+33%	4.7	6	1.7	72	64%
7.3	5/6	4.5	40	38%	6.9	6	5.1	19	26%
3.2	6	2.0	21	38%	6.9	6	6.0	38	13%
4.4	6/7	1.7	39	61%	9.1	6	5.5	58	40%
6.8	5	1.7	49	75%	3.0	5	0.8	24	73%
8.4	6	1.8	18	79%	6.2	5	4.1	84	34%
4.4	6/7	4.7	14	+7%	11.4	6	12.3	34	+8%
14.4	6	1.5	29	90%	6.6	6	1.8	24	73%
4.1	6	1.6	15	61
6.1	5/6	1.3	13	79
8.6	7	2.9	17	66%
Average starting PSA 6.44 ng/ml	5.9	2.44	32 Months	52%	Average starting PSA 7.35 ng/ml	5.65	4.55	48 Months	43.1%

Notes: Average reduction in PSA with 5-ARIs = 4.0 ng/ml; average reduction in PSA with non-5-ARIs = 2.8 ng/ml.

Abbreviations: ARIs, alpha-reductase inhibitors; Dx, diagnosis; PSA, prostate specific antigen.

Table 5 Patient data for prospective prostate cancer study

Age	Initial PSA PSA	Follow up decrease	% PSA disease	Time with score	Gleason stage	Clinical stage	Biopsy	IPSS index change	IPSS change	EPS	EPS
61	8.5 ng/ml	3.1 ng/ml	64%	72 months	5 (3+2)	T2c	T2c	5.5−2.5 = 3	55%	256−113	56%
68	7.0 ng/ml	2.4 ng/ml	66%	62 months	5 (3+2)	T1c	T2a	19.5−8.5 = 11	56%	85−15	82%
43	5.4 ng/ml	2.1 ng/ml	61%	41 months	6 (3+3)	T1c	T2a	4−0 = 0	100%	325−60	82%
65	11.7 ng/ml	5.8 ng/ml	50%	60 months	5(3+2)/6(3+3)	T1c	T2b
64	4.7 ng/ml	1.7 ng/ml	64%	72 months	6 (3+3)	T1c	T2a
55	2.1 ng/ml	2.8 ng/ml	+33%	42 months	5 (3+2)	T2c	T2c	6.5−2 = 4.5	69%	350−158	55%
56	7.3 ng/ml	4.5 ng/ml	38%	40 months	5(2+3)/6(3+3)	T2a	T2b	10.5−6 = 4.5	43%	TNTC–5	99%
70	6.9 ng/ml	5.1 ng/ml	26%	19 months	6 (3+3)	T2c	T2a	11.5−7.5 = 4	35%	268−17	94%
68	6.9 ng/ml	6.0 ng/ml	13%	38 months	6 (3+3)	T1c	T2a	4−0 = 0	100%
56	9.1 ng/ml	5.5 ng/ml	40%	58 months	6 (3+3)	T1c	T2a	11−7 = 4	36%	375−150	60%
61	3.0 ng/ml	0.8 ng/ml	73%	24 months	5 (3+2)	T1c	T2a
48	3.2 ng/ml	2.0 ng/ml	38%	21 months	6 (3+3)	T2a	T2b	9.5−2 = 7.5	79%	278−40	86%
69	6.2 ng/ml	4.1 ng/ml	34%	84 months	5 (3+2)	T1c	T1a	15.5−10 = 5.5	35%	205−9	96%
56	4.4 ng/ml	1.7 ng/ml	61%	39 months	6(3+3)/7(3+4)	T2c	T2c	8.5−1.5 = 7	82%	350−30	91%
74	11.4 ng/ml	12.3 ng/ml	+8%	34 months	6 (3+3)	T2b	T2b
63	6.8 ng/ml	1.7 ng/ml	75%	49 months	5 (3+2)	T1c	T2a	5.5−2.5 = 3	55%	275−70	75%
71	6.6 ng/ml	1.8 ng/ml	73%	24 months	6 (3+3)	T1c	T2c	7.5−6 = 1.5	20%	185−35	81%
64	14.4 ng/ml	1.5 ng/ml	90%	29 months	6 (3+3)	T1c	T2a
70	8.4 ng/ml	1.8 ng/ml	79%	18 months	6 (3+3)	T1c	T2a
72	4.4 ng/ml	4.7 ng/ml	+7%	14 months	6(3+3)/7(3+4)	T2b	T2c
55	4.1 ng/ml	1.6 ng/ml	61%	15 months	6(3+3)	T1c	T2c	2.5−0 = 0	100%	210−10	95%
72	6.1 ng/ml	1.3 ng/ml	79%	13 months	5(3+2)/6(3+3)	T1c	T2c
71	8.6 ng/ml	2.9 ng/ml	66%	17 months	7(4+3)	T1c	T2a	14.5−7 = 7.5	52	300−200	33%
TOTALS:	157.2 ng/ml	77.2 ng/ml	802	885

Note: Gleason score: 2–10 (Primary Cancer Grade + Secondary Cancer Grade) with 2 being the most favorable and 10 being the worst.

Abbreviations: EPS, expressed prostatic secretion (an indication of prostate inflammation); IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; PSA, prostate specific antigen; TNTC, too numerous to count.