Particulate matter air pollution exposure: role in the development and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Figures & data

Figure 1 Association between FEV₁ and long-term PM₁₀ exposure (five-year mean). Data points are means of each place and year of study.

Abbreviations: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in one second; PM, particulate matter.

Figure 2 Particulate matter (PM) found in a) the blood vessel walls, b) lymphoid tissue, c) alveolar macrophages, d) Parenchyma, e) and airway wall, Sections from human lung tissuestained with H&E.

Figure 3 Association between COPD and long-term PM₁₀ exposure (five-year mean). Data points are means of each place and year of study.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PM, particulate matter.

Table 1 Key studies in the role of particulate matter in the development and progression of COPD

Epidemiological evidence
Author(s)	Study description
Schikowski et al^Citation19	Long term exposure to air pollution from high traffic and industrial sources resulted in rapid decline of FEV1, a high risk ratio to develop COPD, and poorer respiratory health
Liu et al^Citation18	Significant association between prevalence of COPD and biomass rural China
Viegi et al^Citation21	Exposure to PM by internal combustion and industrial emissions recognized as significant contributors to exacerbation of COPD
Dockery et al^Citation32	Relationship between increased levels of air pollution and mortality and morbidity rates from respiratory diseases
Torres-Duque et al^Citation23	Indoor air pollution from the combustion of biomass fuels related to respiratory diseases
Sunyer et al^Citation1	Effect of acute increase in urban air pollution on respiratory health and what factors could attribute to this effects
Sint et al^Citation3	COPD patients have an increased sensitivity to PM and should reduce their exposure to PM whenever possible
Alveolar macrophage (AM) response to PM
Van Eeden et al^Citation54	Exposure of lung macrophages to atmospheric particles influences their phagocytic activity and pro-inflammatory responses
Oberdorster et al^Citation71	Suggests a duel role of lung macrophages exposed to PM: both preventing and contributing to chronic lung injury
Morrow^Citation50	Reviews possible mechanisms as to how dust overloading can compromise the phagocytic and chemotactic ability of AMs
Lung inflammation in response to PM
Churg et al^Citation76	Particulate matter activates NF-KB in tracheal epithelial cells
Montano et al^Citation82	Increase MMP activity in macrophages exposed to wood smoke, suggesting subsequent emphysematous destruction
Risom et al^Citation85	Particulate matter induced oxidative stress-induced DNA damage is an important ways in which PM can be harmful
Li et al^Citation53	PM induces HO-1, key marker for oxidative stress resulting in structural damage of mitochondria

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV ₁, forced expiratory volume in one second; PM, particulate matter.

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