Clinical utility of varenicline for smokers with medical and psychiatric comorbidity

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of pharmacotherapeutic interventions for the management of COPD

Intervention	Examples	Used in stages	Place in therapy	Clinical benefits	Physiological benefits	Mortality benefit
Short-acting β-agonists	Albuterol Levalbuterol	I–IV	Monotherapy or in combination with short-acting anticholinergics; taken as needed	Y^Citation78	Y^Citation78
Short-acting anticholinergics	Ipratropium	I–IV	Monotherapy or in combination with short-acting β-agonist; taken as needed	Y^Citation79	Y^Citation10,Citation79	N^Citation10
Long-acting β-agonists	Salmeterol Formoterol Arformoterol	II–IV	Monotherapy or in combination with anticholinergics	Y^Citation79,Citation80	Y^Citation79	N^Citation80,Citation81
Long-acting anticholinergics	Tiotropium	II–IV	Monotherapy or in combination with β-agonist	Y^Citation82,Citation83	Y^Citation82	N^Citation82
Inhaled glucocorticoids	Fluticasone Budesonide	III–IV	In combination with long-acting β-agonist or anticholinergics May be used in COPD stages I and II if patient is asthmatic	Y^Citation84^–^Citation86	Y^Citation84	N^Citation81
Oxygen therapy		IV	Supplemental therapy for patients with severe, chronic hypoxemia	Y^Citation85	Y^Citation85	Y^Citation86
Smoking cessation	Behavioral therapy Nicotine replacement therapy Bupropion Varenicline	I–IV	Strongly recommended as a goal for all COPD patients who smoke, regardless of disease severity or progression	Y^Citation13	Y^Citation10,Citation87	Y^Citation13
Influenza vaccination	Trivalent inactivated vaccine	I–IV	Annual treatment to reduce incidence of viral infection and related symptom exacerbations	Y^Citation88
Pneumococcal vaccine	14-valent pneumococcal vaccine 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine	I–IV	Given to reduce incidence of bacterial infection and related symptom exacerbations	N^Citation89		N^Citation89

Abbreviations: Y, yes; N, no significant benefit.

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