Use of X-ray fluoroscopy in orthopedic operations: The patient’s perspective

Figures & data

Figure 1 Patient questionnaire.

Table 1 Qualitative radiation risk categories⁵

Risk category	Dose range (mGy)
Low	<10
Intermediate	10–50
High	>250

Table 2 Conceptus dose estimation based on type of medical X-ray source when conceptus in irradiated volume⁵

Diagnostic X-ray procedure	Estimated dose range
Conventional radiograph (eg, X-ray of pelvis)	2 mGy/exposure
CT (eg, CT of abdomen)	5 mGy/slice
Fluoroscopy (eg, pelvic angiography)	10 mGy/minute

Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography.

Table 3 Fetal radiation exposure (approximate) during common radiographic studies⁴

Radiographic study	Rad	No of studies to reach Cumulative 5 rad
Cervical spine	0.002	2,500
Chest (two views)	0.00007	71,429
Pelvis	0.040	125
Hip (single view)	0.213	23
CT head (10 slices)	<0.050	>100
CT chest (10 slices)	<0.100	>50
CT abdomen (10 slices)	2.600	1
CT lumbar spine (5 slices)	3.500	1
Ventilation–perfusion scan	0.215	23

Abbreviation: CT, computed tomography.

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