Emerging role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of obesity

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of randomized trials investigating the effects of twice-daily exenatide on HbA_1c and body weight in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes

Study	n	Study design			Duration of study (weeks)	Concomitant diabetes medications	Mean change in HbA1c (%)		Mean change in body weight (kg)
		Blinding	Control	Design			5 μg bid	10 μg bid	5 μg bid	10 μg bid
* Buse et al^Citation43	377	Triple	Placebo	Parallel	30	SU	−0.5	−0.9	−0.9	−1.6
* Kendall et al^Citation44	733	Double	Placebo	Parallel	30	Met + SU	−0.6	−0.8	−1.6	−1.6
* DeFronzo et al^Citation45	336	Triple	Placebo	Parallel	30	Met	−0.4	−0.8	−1.6	−2.8
* Heine et al^Citation46	551	None	Insulin glargine	Parallel	26	Met + SU	NA	−1.1	NA	−2.3
* Nauck et al^Citation47	501	None	Biphasic insulin aspart	Parallel	52	Met + SU	NA	−1.0	NA	−2.5
* Zinman et al^Citation48	233	Double	Placebo	Parallel	16	TZD ± Met	NA	−0.9	NA	−2.1
* Barnett et al^Citation49	138	None	Insulin glargine	Crossover	16	Met or SU	NA	−1.4	NA	−0.4 (on SU) −2.6 (on Met)
* Moretto et al^Citation50	232	Double	Placebo	Parallel	24	None	−0.7	−0.9	−2.8	−3.1
§ Bunck et al^Citation51	69	None	Insulin glargine	Parallel	52	Met	NA	−0.8	NA	−3.6
* Davies et al^Citation52	235	None	Insulin glargine	Parallel	26	2 or 3 oral agents (Met, SU, or TZD)	NA	−1.2	NA	−2.7
* Buse et al^Citation53	464	None	Liraglutide	Parallel	26	Met, SU, or both	NA	−0.8	NA	−2.9

* Notes: Exenatide was administered at a dose of 5 μg bid for 4 weeks and then 5 or 10 μg bid for the duration of the study;

§ Exenatide was 5 to 20 μg bid or tid, depending upon glycemic control and tolerance; 7% of volunteers received 5 μg bid, 62% received 10 μg bid, and 31% received doses above 20 μg daily.

Abbreviations: HbA_1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; Met, metformin; NA, not available; SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione.

Table 2 Summary of randomized trials investigating the effects of once-daily liraglutide on HbA_1c and body weight in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes

Study	n	Study design			Duration of study (weeks)	Concomitant diabetes medications	Mean change in HbA1c (%)		Mean change in body weight (kg)
		Blinding	Control	Design			1.2 mg daily	1.8 mg daily	1.2 mg daily	1.8 mg daily
* Vilsboll et al^Citation72	165	Double	Placebo	Parallel	14	None	−1.4	−1.45	NA	−3.0
** ‡ Garber et al^Citation73	746	Double	Glimepiride	Parallel	52	0–1 oral agents	−0.8	−1.1	−2.0	−2.5
∞ Nauck et al^Citation74	1091	Double	Placebo or glimepiride	Parallel	26	Met	−1.0	−1.0	−2.6	−2.8
** Zinman et al^Citation75	533	Double	Placebo	Parallel	26	Met + rosiglitazone	−1.5	−1.5	−1.0	−2.0
∞ Marre et al^Citation76	1041	Double	Placebo or rosiglitazone	Parallel	26	Glimepiride	−1.1	−1.1	+0.3	−0.2
** Buse et al^Citation53	464	None	Exenatide	Parallel	26	Met, SU, or both	NA	−1.1	NA	−3.2
** Russell-Jones et al^Citation77	581	Mixed§	Placebo or insulin glargine	Parallel	26	Met + glimepiride	NA	−1.3	NA	−1.8

* Notes: Liraglutide doses were 0.65 mg, 1.25 mg or 1.9 mg daily (0.65 mg results not reported here);

** In these trials, liraglutide was initiated at a dose of 0.6 mg daily for 1 week and then increased over 1–2 weeks to a dose of 1.2 or 1.8 mg daily;

‡ Estimated mean change in body weight was obtained from a figure in this manuscript, as the mean value was not reported;

∞ Liraglutide was administered at doses of 0.6, 1.2, or 1.8 mg daily. Results from the 0.6 mg arm are not shown here. Subjects in the 1.2 and 1.8 mg dose arms underwent a dose-escalation period for 2–3 weeks after randomization;

§ In this trial, patients were randomly assigned to liraglutide, placebo, or open-label insulin glargine.

Abbreviations: HbA_1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; Met, metformin; SU, sulfonylurea.

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