Impact of obesity and type 2 diabetes on health-related quality of life in the general population in England

Figures & data

Table 1 Number and proportion of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) per age and weight group in Health Survey for England 2003

		BMI < 25 kg/m^2	BMI 25.0 – 29.9 kg/m^2	BMI ≥ 30 kg/m^2	All weight groups
16–29 years	All, n	1390	568	266	2224
	With T2D, n	2	0	3	5
	Proportion with T2D, %	0.1	0.0	1.1	0.2
30–49 years	All, n	1780	1765	1084	4629
	With T2D, n	6	14	29	49
	Proportion with T2D, %	0.3	0.8	2.7	1.1
50–69 years	All, n	1071	1674	1073	3818
	With T2D, n	23	56	108	187
	Proportion with T2D, %	2.1	3.3	10.1	4.9
70+ years	All, n	456	661	400	1517
	With T2D, n	23	62	47	132
	Proportion with T2D, %	5.0	9.4	11.8	8.7
All ages	All, n	4697	4668	2823	12188
	With T2D, n	54	132	187	373
	Proportion with T2D, %	1.1	2.8	6.6	3.1

Figure 1 Effect of type 2 diabetes and obesity on health-related quality of life measured by EQ-5D.

Notes: Mean values and SEM. Error bars not shown for combined (summed) data.

Table 2 Overview of results from the regression model

	Parameter estimate	Standard error
Intercept	0.976	0.006
Age last birthday	−0.001	0.000
Female	−0.005	0.003
Diabetes	−0.029	0.001
Obese – BMI > 30	−0.027	0.003
Equalized income (as opposed to lowest quintile)
Equalized income – missing	0.031	0.005
Equalized income – 2nd quintile	0.027	0.005
Equalized income – 3rd quintile	0.040	0.005
Equalized income – 4th quintile	0.056	0.005
Equalized income – top quintile	0.064	0.005
Smoking (as opposed to non-smoking)
Smoking: ex-regular smoker	0.026	0.004
Smoking: never smoker	0.025	0.003
Acute illness (as opposed to not having had acute illness in the last 2 weeks)
Acute illness: 1–3 days	−0.039	0.007
Acute illness: 4–6 days	−0.077	0.009
Acute illness: 7–13 days	−0.088	0.008
Acute illness: a full 2 weeks	−0.153	0.007
GHQ (as opposed to having a score of zero)
GHQ: score 1–3	−0.058	0.003
GHQ: score 4+	−0.194	0.005
Comorbidities
Kidneys	−0.063	0.016
Rheumatism	−0.169	0.005
Asthma	−0.013	0.006
Back problems	−0.137	0.006
Bronchitis	−0.130	0.015
Cancer	−0.073	0.011
Epilepsy	−0.080	0.016
Hearing problems	0.028	0.012
Ulcer	−0.059	0.011
CVD (angina, heart attack or stroke)	−0.048	0.006
High blood pressure	−0.017	0.004

Notes: Values in bold are statistically insignificant (ie, all values were significant [P < 0.05] except those for female gender).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire.