Emerging agents to combat complicated and resistant infections: focus on ceftobiprole

Figures & data

Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of ceftobiprole against most common microorganism. Summary of published in vitro studies

Microorganism	Number of isolates	MIC50	MIC90	References
MS Staphylococcus aureus	7433	0.25–0.5	<0.125–2	11,12,15,17,18,20,21
MR S. aureus	6553	0.5–2	0.12–4	11,12,15,17,18,20–22
MS coagulase negative staphylococci	965	<0.12–1	≤0.015–1	11,18,20,21
MR coagulase negative staphylococci	3161	1	1–2	11,18,20–22
Enterococcus faecalis	2958	0.5	2–4	15,20,21
E. faecium (ampicillin MIC ≤ 8 μg/mL)	16	4	8	15
E. faecium (ampicillin MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL)	20	>32	>32	20
Penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae	3176	0.008–0.016	0.008–0.25	15,18,20,21,29
Penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae	265	0.06	0.12–0.5	18,20,29
Penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae	1107	0.25–0.5	0.25–2	15,18,20,21,29
Moraxella catarrhalis	230	≤0.06–0.12	0.12–1	15,20,21
Haemophilus influenzae	1382	≤0.06–≤0.125	≤0.06–1	13,15,20,21
Neisseria gonorrhoeae	51	0.03	0.06–0.12	15,20
N. meningitidis	24	≤0.002	0.004	20
ESBL-negative Escherichia coli	1172	0.03–0.06	0.06	15,18,20
ESBL-positive E. coli	466	4–>32	>8–>32	15,18,20,21
ESBL-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae	766	0.03–≤0.125	0.06–0.25	13,15,18,20
ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae	244	4–64	>32–128	13,15,18,20
AmpC-negative Citrobacter freundii	368	0.06	1	18
AmpC-positive C. freundii	19	2	>32	18
AmpC-negative Enterobacter cloacae	286	0.06	4	18
AmpC-positive E. cloacae	120	8	>32	18
Proteus mirabilis	449	≤0.06	≤0.06–0.12	15,20,21
ESBL-negative P. vulgaris	427	0.03	0.06	18
ESBL-positive P. vulgaris	16	>32	>32	18
Morganella morganii	15	0.06	0.12	15
Serratia species	582	≤0.06–0.06	1–8	20,21
Imipenem susceptible Acinetobacter species	220	0.5	>32	18
Imipenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter species	58	>32	>32	18
Burkholderia cepacia	22	8	64	14,20
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	2741	2–8	8–32	12–14,20,21,32
Ceftazifime-resistant P. aeruginosa	17	16	>64	15
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	32	>32–>64	>32–>64	14
Bacteroides fragilis	212	8–16	32–>128	12,15,20,34,35
Clostridium species	77	0.125–2	≤0.25–64	12,20,35
C. difficile	30	4	8	34
C. perfringens	30	≤0.016	≤0.016	34
Peptostreptococcus species	59	0.25	32	35
P. anaerobius	30	1–2	4–32	12,34
Finegoldia magna	50	0.12–0.25	0.25–0.5	12,34
Fusobacterium species	34	0.12	8	35
F. nucleatum	50	≤0.016	≤0.016	34
Prevotella species	44	0.12	>128	35
P. bivia	47	4–16	64	12,34

Abbreviations: MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MS, methicillin susceptible; MR, methicillin resistant.