Increasing resistance to quinolones: A four-year prospective study of urinary tract infection pathogens

Figures & data

Table 1 The percentage of the incidence rate of urinary tract infection according to age and sex

Sex	Prevalence within age groups (%)
	<20 years	20–50 years	>50 years	Total
Male	100 (9.1%)	179 (16.3%)	82 (7.5%)	361 (32.8%)
Female	65 (5.9%)	643 (58.45%)	31 (2.8%)	739 (67.2%)
Total	165 (15%)	822 (74.7%)	113 (10.3%)	1100 (100%)

Table 2 Prevalence of bacteria isolates obtained from the studied population

Bacterial isolates	No of isolates	Percentage (%)
Escherichia coli	871	45.7
Proteus spp	286	15.0
Klebsiella spp	233	12.3
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	219	11.5
Staphylococcus aureus	193	10.1
Streptococcus spp	102	5.4
Total	1906	100%

Table 3 Percentage (%) mean of quinolone resistant bacteria isolates obtained from the studied population from 2001 to 2004

S/no	Isolate	2001	2002	2003	2004	Difference in resistance level from 2001–2004
1	Escherichia coli	21.6	24.0	28.1	31.3	9.7% Increase
2	Proteus spp	12.4	16.7	18.5	21.2	8.8% Increase
3	Klebsiella spp	11.3	12.0	11.2	10.4	0.9% Decrease
4	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	35.6	40.1	47.8	49.8	14.2% Increase
5	Staphylococcus aureus	5.5	8.2	12.7	15.3	9.8% Increase
6	Streptococcus faecalis	4.5	4.9	5.2	5.1	0.8% Increase

Table 4 Summary of results of sensitivity/resistance profiles of all identified bacterial isolates to the quinolones

Bacterial isolates	Sensitivity profiles	Number and percentage (%) of isolates sensitive or resistant to quinolones						Mean
		Moxi	Levo	Cipro	Oflo	Peflo	Nal.A.
Escherichia coli (871)	R	125 (14.4)	62 (7.1)	122 (14.0)	249 (28.6)	311 (35.7)	503 (57.7)	229 (26.3)
	S	746 (85.6)	809 (92.9)	749 (86.0)	622 (71.4)	560 (64.3)	368 (42.3)	642 (73.7)
Proteus spp. (286)	R	12 (4.3)	11 (3.7)	37 (12.9)	36 (12.6)	71 (24.8)	126 (44.2)	49 (17.1)
	S	274 (95.7)	275 (96.3)	249 (87.1)	250 (87.4)	215 (75.2)	160 (55.8)	237 (82.9)
Klebsiella spp. (235)	R	18 (7.6)	12 (4.9)	4 (1.6)	22 (9.2)	20 (8.5)	78 (33.3)	26 (11.1)
	S	217 (92.4)	223 (95.1)	231 (98.4)	213 (90.8)	215 (91.5)	157 (56. 7)	209 (88.9)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (219)	R	127 (58.2)	119 (54.4)	2 (0.9)	23 (10.5)	126 (57.5)	173 (79.1)	95 (43.4)
	S	92 (41.8)	100 (45.6)	217 (99.1)	196 (89.5)	93 (42.5)	46 (20.9)	124 (56.6)
Staphylococcus aureus (193)	R	1 (0.5)	<1 (0.7)	>1 (0.3)	11 (5.5)	17 (9)	88 (45.5)	20 (10.4)
	S	192 (99.5)	192 (99.3)	192 (99.7)	182 (94.5)	176 (91)		173 (89.6)
Streptococcus spp. (102)	R	1 (1.2)	1 (1.0)	1 (1.1)	4 (3.6)	7 (7.1)	17 (16.4)	5 (4.9)
	S	101 (98.8)	101 (99.0)	101 (99.9)	98 (96.4)	95 (92.9)
Total (1906)	R	284 (14.9)	206 (10.8)	167 (8.8)	345 (18.1)	552 (29.0)	985 (51.7)	423 (22.2)
	S	1622 (85.1)	1700 (89.2)	1739 (91.2)	1561 (81.9)	1354 (71.0)	921 (48.3)	1483 (77.8)

Abbreviations: Cipro, ciprofloxacin; Levo, levofloxacin; Moxi, moxifloxacin; Nal. A., nalidixic acid; Oflo, ofloxacin; Peflo, pefloxacin; R, resistant; S, sensitive.