Gelastic seizures associated with hypothalamic hamartomas. An update in the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment

Figures & data

Table 1 Studies using gamma knife to treat patients with gelastic seizures

Authors	Number of patients	Age range (Mean, median)	Follow up	% seizure free	Precocious puberty
Mathieu et al 2006	4	5–29 Y	22 months	3 patients had some improvement	No data
Regis et al 2006	27	3–50 Y (19.2, 17.2)	36 months	37%	74%
Barajas et al 2005	3	3 and 12 and 15 Y	30–50 months	0% but all patients had significant decrease in frequency	33%
Regis et al 2005	10	1–32 Y (14, 13.5)	>12 month median 28 months	40%	30%

Table 2 Studies using radiosurgery/stereotactic radiation to treat patients with gelastic seizures

Authors	Number of patients	Age range, Mean, or median	Follow up	% seizure free	Precocious puberty
Schulze-Bonhage 2007	15	3–20 Y (mean 13.9 Y)	36 months	20%	20%
Quiske et al 2007	14	15–43 Y (mean 15.4 ± 10.5 Y)	3 months	0% free but 50% reduction of frequency	No data
Schulze-Bonhage 2004	6	9–31 Y (mean 17 Y)	12 months	33%	33%

Table 3 Studies using neurosurgery to treat patients with gelastic seizures

Authors	Number of patients	Age range (mean, median)	Procedure	Average procedure length	Follow up	% Seizure free	Precocious puberty
Rekate et al 2006	44	8 months–44 Y, (15 Y, 10 Y)	Endoscopic via lateral ventricle through foramen on Monroe	60–90 min	12 months	49%	No data
Ng et al 2006	26	2.1–24.2 Y (mean 10 Y)	Transcallosal	5–6 h	13–28 (20.3) months	54%	42%
Rekate et al 2006	44	8 months–55 Y (15 Y, 10 Y)	Endoscopic via lateral ventricle through foramen on Monroe	~ 90 min	At least 3 months	30%	No data
Rosenfeld et al 2004	45	2.9–33 Y (mean 11.3 Y)	Anterior transcallosal transseptal interforniceal approach	Not reported	8–66 months	52%	No data
Harvey et al 2003	29	4–23 Y (mean 10 Y)	Transcallosal	Not reported	12–70 (mean 30) months	52%	65%
Freeman et al 2003	12	4–17 Y, (9 Y, 9.16 Y)	Transcallosal, interforniceal, transventricular	Not reported	13–61 (mean 29) months	58%	No data
Dellande and Fohlen 2003	17	9 months–32 Y	One patient total removal(approach not mentioned), 14 pterional route and 1 endoscopic disconnection	31 min (SD 20 min)	Mean 18.6 months (8 days to 43 months)	47%	29%
Palmini et al 2002	13	2–33 Y	Pterional, or subfrontal	Not reported	1.5 to 6 years (mean: 3.4 years)	15%	31%
Mottolese et al 2001	8	1 week–10 Y	Right fronto-temporal craniotomies	Not reported	17 months to 19 year (mean 5 years)	Better control but 0% seizure free	75%
Rosenfeld et al 2001	5	4–13 Y	Transcallosal	Not reported	9–37 (mean 24 months)	60%	No data

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