Varenicline in the treatment of tobacco dependence

Figures & data

Table 1 Abstinence rates of Phase 2 studies

	CAR for any 4-week period during the 7-week treatment phase		End of treatment CAR Weeks 9-12		CAR Weeks 4-52		CAR Weeks 9-52
	Varenicline 1 mg/day vs placebo	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs placebo	Varenicline 0.5 mg bid vs placeboa	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs placeboa	Varenicline 1 mg/day vs placebo	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs placebo	Varenicline 0.5 mg bid vs placeboa	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs placeboa
Nides et al 2006 (N = 638)	37% vs 17%; OR 2.97; p < 0.001	48% vs 17%; OR 4.71; p < 0.001			6% vs 5%; ns (p-value not provided in publication)	14% vs 5%; p < 0.01
Oncken et al 2006 (N = 647)			44% vs 12%; OR 6.32; p < 0.001	49% vs 12%; OR 8.07; p < 0.001			19% vs 4%; p < 0.001 (OR not provided in publication)	22% vs 4%; p < 0.001 (OR not provided in publication)

a Pooled titrated and non-titrated treatment groups.

Abbreviations: CAR, continuous abstinence rate; OR, odds ratio.

Table 2 Abstinence rates of varenicline versus active comparator trials

	End of treatment CAR				CAR through Week 52
	Vareniclin 1 mg bid vs NRT transdermal patcha	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs placebob	Bupropion SR 150 mg bid vs placebob	varenicline 1 mg bid vs bupropion SR 150 mg bidb	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs NRT transdermal patchc	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs placebod	Bupropion SR 150 mg bid vs placebod	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs bupropion SR 150 mg bidd
Gonzales et al 2006 (N = 1023)		44% vs 18%; OR 3.85; p < 0.001	30% vs 18%; OR, 2.00; p < 0.001	44% vs 30%; OR 1.93; p < 0.001		22% vs 8%; OR 3.09; p < 0.001	16% vs 8%; p = 0.001 (OR not provided in publication)	22% vs 16% OR 1.46; p= 0.057
Jorenby et al 2006 (N = 1022)		44% vs 18%; OR 3.85; p < 0.001	30% vs 18%; OR 2.02; p = 0.001	44% vs 30%; OR 1.90; p < 0.001		23% vs 10%; OR 2.66; p < 0.001	15% vs 10%; OR, 1.50; p = 0.08	23% vs 15%; OR 1.77; p = 0.004
Aubin et al 2008 (N = 746)	56% vs 43%; OR 1.70; p < 0.001				26% vs 20%; OR 1.40; p = 0.056

a End of treatment CAR = varenicline Weeks 9–12; NRT Weeks 8–11.

b End of treatment CAR = weeks 9–12.

c Long-term CAR = varenicline Weeks 9–52; NRT Weeks 8–52.

d Long-term CAR = Weeks 9–52.

Abbreviations: CAR, continuous abstinence rate; NRT, nicotine replacement therapy; OR, odds ratio.

Table 3 Abstinenece rates in other studies

	CAR Weeks 9–12	CAR Weeks 9–24	CAR Weeks 9–52
	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs placebo	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs placebo	Varenicline 1 mg bid vs placebo
Nakamura et al 2007 (N = 515)	65% vs 40% OR 2.98; p < 0.001	38% vs 30% OR 1.47; p = 0.149	35% vs 23% OR 1.81; p = 0.036
Tsai et al 2007 (N = 250)	60% vs 32% OR 3.22; p < 0.001	47% vs 22% OR 3.38; p < 0.001

Abbreviations: CAR, continuous abstinence rate; OR, odds ratio.

Figure 1 Percentage of varenicline and placebo participants achieving continuous abstinence at Weeks 9–12 and Weeks 9–52 according to nicotine dependence level (low/med/high). Derived from data of Nides et al (2008).

Abbreviation: FTND, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.

Figure 2 Percentage of varenicline participants who achieved point prevalence abstinence at 6 months according to nicotine dependence level (low vs high) and reinforcement type (positive, PR vs negative, NR). Derived from data of Fagerström et al (2007).

Abbreviations: PR, positive reinforcement; NR, negative reinforcement.

NidesMOnckenCGonzalesDSmoking cessation with varenicline, a selective α4β2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist: results from a 7-week, randomized, placebo- and bupropion-controlled trial with 1-year follow-upArch Intern Med20061661561816908788

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

OnckenCGonzalesDNidesMEfficacy and safety of the novel selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, varenicline, for smoking cessationArch Intern Med20061661571716908789

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

GonzalesDRennardSINidesMVarenicline, and α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trialJAMA2006296475516820546

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

JorenbyDEHaysJTRigottiNAEfficacy of varenicline, an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs placebo or sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trialJAMA2006296566316820547

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

AubinH-JBobakABrittonJRVarenicline versus transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation: results from a randomised, open-label trialThorax2008 8 February 2008; [Epub ahead of print]10.1136/thx.2007.090647

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

NakamuraMOshimaAFujimotoYEfficacy and safety of varenicline, an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, in a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response study with 40-week follow-up for smoking cessation in Japanese smokersClin Ther20072910405617692720

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

TsaiS-TChoH-JChengH-SA randomized, placebocontrolled trial of varenicline, a selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, as a new therapy for smoking cessation in Asian smokersClin Ther20072910273917692719

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

NidesMGloverEReusVVarenicline versus bupropion for smoking cessation: A pooled analysisAm J Health Behav2008326647518442345

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

FagerströmKOJimenez-RuizCAAstray MochalesJCan smoking for positive or negative reinforcement together with dependence help us better diagnose smokers?J Smoking Cessation2007257

 Google Scholar