Impact of depression and social support on nonadherence to antipsychotic drugs in persons with schizophrenia in Thailand

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and nonadherence

Baseline characteristic	Total (n = 75) n (%)	Adherent (n = 63) n (%)	Nonadherent (n = 12) n (%)	Pvalue
Gender
Male	26 (34.7)	20 (31.7)	6 (50.0)	0.321
Female	49 (35.3)	43 (68.3)	6 (50.0)
Age (years)
≤40	28 (37.3)	22 (34.9)	6 (50.0)	0.346
>40	47 (62.7)	41 (65.1)	6 (50.0)
Marital status
Married	23 (30.7)	20 (31.7)	3 (25.0)	0.745
Single, widowed, or divorced	52 (69.3)	43 (68.3)	9 (75.0)
Income (Baht/month)
No income	33 (44.0)	28 (44.4)	5 (41.7)	0.232
≤10,000	24 (32.0)	18 (28.6)	6 (50.0)
>10,000	18 (24.0)	17 (27.0)	1 (8.3)
Work status
Working	39 (52.0)	34 (54.0)	5 (41.7)	0.434
Not working or being a housewife	36 (48.0)	29 (46.0)	7 (58.3)
Duration of illness
0–10 years	37 (49.3)	29 (46.0)	8 (66.7)	0.190
>10 years	28 (50.7)	34 (54.0)	4 (33.3)
Antipsychotic
Typical	38 (50.7)	28 (44.4)	10 (83.3)	0.014
Atypical	37 (49.3)	35 (55.6)	2 (16.7)
Number of side effect
0–1	31 (41.3)	30 (47.6)	1 (8.3)	0.012
>1	44 (58.7)	33 (52.4)	11 (91.7)
Satisfaction with treatment
Most satisfied	34 (45.3)	31 (49.2)	3 (25.0)	0.007
Very satisfied	29 (38.7)	25 (39.7)	4 (33.0)
Medium satisfied	9 (12)	6 (9.5)	3 (25.0)
Less satisfied	2 (2.7)	0 (0)	2 (16.7)
Not satisfied	1 (1.3)	0 (0)	1 (8.3)

Table 2 The association between depression and nonadherence

Depression	n (n = 75)	% Nonadherence	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted ORa (95% CI)
Noncase	62	9.5	1. 0	1. 0
Case	12	50	9.5 (2.3–38.9)	8.3 (1.9–35.8)

Note:

a Adjusted for age, sex, marital status, and income.

Abbreviations:OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 The association between social support deficits and nonadherence

Six social support deficits	n (n = 75)	% Nonadherence	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted ORa (95% CI)
Living alone	7	71.4	21.8 (3.5–134.0)	13.4 (1.9–94.3)
Seeing a relative less often than once a week	10	50.0	6.1 (0.8–48.4)	3.5 (0.3–37.4)
Lack of reciprocity with neighbors	8	25.0	1.9 (0.3–10.7)	1.6 (0.2–11.0)
Lack of reciprocity between extended family members	7	28.6	2.3 (0.4–13.6)	1.1 (0.5–8.9)
Difficulty in relationship with one or more relatives	9	11.1	0.6 (0.1–5.5)	0.4 (0.04–4.8)
Dissatisfaction with support from family	7	57.1	10.0 (1.9–53.1)	5.3 (0.8–34.0)
Number of social support deficits
No social support deficit	43	7.0	1.0	1.0
At least one social support deficit	32	28.1	5.2 (1.3–21.2)	3.1 (0.7–14.1)

Note:

a Adjusted for depression.

Abbreviations:OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.