Antipsychotic adherence, switching, and health care service utilization among Medicaid recipients with schizophrenia

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics by start categories

	Start category			P
	New	Restart	Established	New vs Restart	New vs Established	Restart vs Established
No. (%)	622 (27.0)	632 (27.5)	1046 (45.5)	–	–	–
Age, mean (SD), y	36.7 (8.5)	37.1 (8.2)	37.2 (7.9)	0.363	0.273	0.953
Gender, male, %	56.3	55.4	56.9	0.776	0.838	0.576
Race/ethnicity, %				0.318	<0.001	0.007
White	46.3	44.0	49.0	–	–	–
Black	25.4	23.9	18.2	–	–	–
Unknown	24.8	29.4	31.6	–	–	–
Hispanic	2.1	1.6	0.6	–	–	–
Other	1.4	1.0	0.6	–	–	–
Comorbid conditions, mean (SD), %	3.9 (3.6)	5.1 (3.6)	5.8 (3.4)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Patients with high intensity comorbidity,a %	19.9	26.3	34.1	0.007	<0.001	0.001
Patients with prior period psychiatric ER use, %	12.1	7.6	7.9	0.010	0.007	0.851
Patients with prior period psychiatric hospital stay, %	5.3	2.7	1.8	0.021	<0.001	0.230

a Determined using categories defined in the Chronic Illness and Disability Payment System.¹³

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; ER, emergency room.

Table 2 Patient characteristics by outcome categories

	Outcome category			P
	Switched	Continued	Abandoned	Switched vs Continued	Switched vs Abandoned	Continued vs Abandoned
No. (%)	480 (20.9)	1382 (60.1)	438 (19.0)	–	–	–
Age, mean (SD), y	36.6 (8.0)	37.1 (8.1)	37.3 (8.4)	0.257	0.221	0.689
Gender, male, %	52.7	57.1	57.8	0.096	0.127	0.843
Race/ethnicity, %				0.970	0.001	<0.001
White	48.0	48.7	40.3	–	–	–
Black	18.6	19.5	32.3	–	–	–
Unknown	30.9	29.7	25.6	–	–	–
Hispanic	1.5	1.2	1.1	–	–	–
Other	1.0	0.9	0.7	–	–	–
Comorbid conditions, mean (SD), %	5.7 (3.5)	4.9 (3.6)	4.9 (3.7)	<0.001	0.001	0.869
Patients with high intensity comorbidity,a %	30.6	27.7	26.7	0.240	0.188	0.667
Patients with prior period psychiatric ER use, %	9.8	6.5	15.8	0.020	0.007	<0.001
Patients with prior period psychiatric hospital stay, %	2.3	2.5	5.5	0.866	0.0145	0.005

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; ER, emergency room.

a Determined using categories defined in the Chronic Illness and Disability Payment System.¹³

Figure 1a Inpatient hospitalization according to antipsychotic treatment outcome.

Figure 1b Outpatient service use according to antipsychotic treatment outcome.

Figure 2a Health care service utilization according to antipsychotic treatment outcome: new users. In 622 patients with available data.

Figure 2b Health care service utilization according to antipsychotic treatment outcome: restarters. In 632 patients with available data.

Figure 2c Health care utilization according to antipsychotic treatment outcome: established users. In 1,046 patients with available data.

KronickRGilmerTDreyfusTImproving health-based payment for Medicaid beneficiaries: CDPSHealth Care Financ Rev2000213296411481767

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