Gender differences in clinical, immunological, and virological outcomes in highly active antiretroviral-treated HIV–HCV coinfected patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of HIV–HCV coinfected patients

Characteristic	Male N = 144 (79%)	Female N = 39 (21%)
Mean age [yrs (SD)]	38.4 (7.2)	36.6 (7.6)
Mean baseline HIV RNA Level [copies/mL (SD)]	96,433 (162,634)	72,922 (113,227)
Mean baseline CD4 count [cells/μL (SD)]	290 (226)	375 (387)
Baseline CD4 count <200 cells/μL	37%	42%
Mean ALT [U/L (SD)]	66 (72)	51 (42)
History of excess alcohol	37%	36%
History IDU	76%	85%
White	86%	79%
Black	8%	13%
Asian	<1%	0%
Native	5%	8%

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug use; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Months on HAART by sex prior to interruption or treatment change.

Abbreviation: HAART, highly-active antiretroviral therapy.

Table 2 HAART composition for HIV–HCV patients starting treatment

	Male (n = 144)	Female (n = 39)
Protease inhibitor-based HAART	69% (n = 100)	77% (n = 30)
Ritonavir	70%	47%
High-dose ritonavir	39%	30%
Saquinavir	41%	40%
Indinavir	14%	20%
Nelfinavir	17%	23%
Kaletra	23%	7%
Atazanavir	0%	10%
NNRTI-based HAART	22% (n = 31)	18% (n = 7)
Efavirenz	77%	71%
Nucleoside-sparing	10%	0%

Abbreviations: HAART, highly-active antiretroviral therapy; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Table 3 Primary reasons for therapy interruption by sex

	Female	Male	P
Gastrointestinal complaints	25%	19%	0.42
Adherence	22%	15%	0.31
Mental health	19%	5%	0.003
Lost to follow-up	3%	13%	0.08
Substance use	5%	6%	0.79
Liver	0%	5%	0.06

Figure 2 Comparison of cumulative survival by sex.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; HAART, highly-active antiretroviral therapy; OR, odds ratio.