Figures & data
Figure 1 Stereoisomers of the CCB amlodipine with or without CCB activity have equivalent effects on proteoglycan synthesis in human VSMCs. Human VSMCs were treated with (S−)-amlodipine (1–10 μmol/L, CCB inhibitor) and (R+)-amlodipine (1–10 μmol/L, no CCB activity) in the presence of TGF-β1 (top) and endothelin-1 (ET-1, bottom) and metabolically labeled with [35S]-SO4 for 24 h. Proteoglycans were quantitated by the CPC precipitation assay (left) and assessed by SDS-PAGE (right) as described previously (CitationNigro et al 2002). Abbreviations: CCB, calcium channel blockers; CPC, cetylpyridinium chloride; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TGF, transforming growth factor; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells.
![Figure 1 Stereoisomers of the CCB amlodipine with or without CCB activity have equivalent effects on proteoglycan synthesis in human VSMCs. Human VSMCs were treated with (S−)-amlodipine (1–10 μmol/L, CCB inhibitor) and (R+)-amlodipine (1–10 μmol/L, no CCB activity) in the presence of TGF-β1 (top) and endothelin-1 (ET-1, bottom) and metabolically labeled with [35S]-SO4 for 24 h. Proteoglycans were quantitated by the CPC precipitation assay (left) and assessed by SDS-PAGE (right) as described previously (CitationNigro et al 2002). Abbreviations: CCB, calcium channel blockers; CPC, cetylpyridinium chloride; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TGF, transforming growth factor; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells.](/cms/asset/84967cf9-281e-41bb-a5cd-f7892583fa1f/dvhr_a_12187332_f0001_b.jpg)
Figure 2 Intracellular calcium does not play a role in VSMC proteoglycan synthesis. Human VSMCs were treated with ionomycin (0.01–10 nmol/L, which increases intracellular calcium, upper panels) or BAPTA-AM (1–10 μmol/L, a calcium chelator, lower panels) in the presence of TGF-β1 and ET-1 and metabolically labeled with [35S]-SO4 for 24 h. Proteoglycans were quantitated by the CPC precipitation assay (left) and assessed by SDS-PAGE (right) as described previously (CitationNigro et al 2002). Abbreviations: CPC, cetylpyridinium chloride; ET-1, endothelin-1; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TGF, transforming growth factor; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell.
![Figure 2 Intracellular calcium does not play a role in VSMC proteoglycan synthesis. Human VSMCs were treated with ionomycin (0.01–10 nmol/L, which increases intracellular calcium, upper panels) or BAPTA-AM (1–10 μmol/L, a calcium chelator, lower panels) in the presence of TGF-β1 and ET-1 and metabolically labeled with [35S]-SO4 for 24 h. Proteoglycans were quantitated by the CPC precipitation assay (left) and assessed by SDS-PAGE (right) as described previously (CitationNigro et al 2002). Abbreviations: CPC, cetylpyridinium chloride; ET-1, endothelin-1; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TGF, transforming growth factor; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell.](/cms/asset/eae5dc18-777e-4f43-9d60-4c3aa5a6f5ad/dvhr_a_12187332_f0002_b.jpg)