Figures & data
Figure 1 Relationship between serum circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and mean intima-medial thickness (mIMT) of carotid arteries in 101 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus.
Figure 2 (a) Effect of beraprost on cell surface VCAM-1 level in vascular endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells were treated for 15 minutes with or without the indicated concentrations of beraprost, and then the cells were stimulated with (hatched bars) or without (open bars) 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for 2 hours. Cell surface VCAM-1 was determined by whole cell ELISA. Data are means ± SE. *p < 0.001 vs TNF-α only, by ANOVA.
(b) Effects of beraprost on U937 cell adhesion to TNF-α-stimulated vascular endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells were treated for 15 minutes with or without 10−5 mol/L beraprost and then stimulated with or without 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for 2 hours. Data are means ± SE. Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay; OD, optical density; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule.
Figure 3 Changes in circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) level (a) and mean intima-medial thickness (mIMT) of common carotid arteries (b) in 25 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving (n = 11) or not receiving (n = 14) beraprost for 3 years. Data are means ± SE.
Figure 4 Changes in mean intima-medial thickness (mIMT) of common carotid arteries in 10 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with beraprost for 8 years. Data are means ± SE. p = 0.44, by ANOVA (analysis of variance).
Figure 5 Effects of fenofibrate on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and its protein levels in vascular endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells were treated for 48 hours with the indicated concentrations of fenofibrate. Data are means ± SE. *p < 0.005, **p < 0.0001 vs control, by ANOVA (analysis of variance).
