Optimal Blood Pressure Level and Best Measurement Procedure in Hemodialysis Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Pathophysiological factors playing a role in high blood pressure in end-stage renal disease

Sodium sensitivity

Sympathetic and renin–angiotensin system activation

Decrease in nitric oxide availability

Increase in endothelin concentration

Arteriovenous fistula

Hyperparathyroidism

Figure 1 Proposal for management of high blood pressure in hemodialysis.