Ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: efficacy of first-line combination perindopril/indapamide therapy

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics, baseline blood pressure measurementsa and echocardiographic parametersb

		Perindopril/indapamide n = 65	Enalapril n = 62
Demographics
Age, years		55 ± 9	56 ± 10
Gender, % male		38.5	45.2
Ethnic origin, % Caucasian		92	95
Body mass index, kg/m^2		27 ± 2.9	27 ± 3.2
Office BP
SBP, mmHg		166.7 ± 14.4	166.3 ± 14.0
DBP, mmHg		100.1 ± 8.8	98.8 ± 9.3
PP, mmHg		66.6 ± 11.7	67.5 ± 12.2
Ambulatory BP
Over 24 hours	SBP, mmHg	152.0 ± 15.2	151.8 ± 16.0
	DBP, mmHg	91.9 ± 10.1	91.0 ± 11.7
	PP, mmHg	60.1 ± 11.9	60.8 ± 11.9
Daytime	SBP, mmHg	155.1 ± 14.6	154.6 ± 15.5
	DBP, mmHg	94.6 ± 10.2	93.7 ± 11.9
	PP, mmHg	60.5 ± 12.1	60.9 ± 11.6
Night-time	SBP, mmHg	143.1 ± 19.2	143.2 ± 19.9
	DBP, mmHg	84.1 ± 12.0	82.8 ± 12.3
	PP, mmHg	59.1 ± 13.1	60.4 ± 13.8
Echocardiographic parameter LVMI, g/m^2		133.2 ± 24.0	136.5 ± 34.5

a Measurements are expressed as means ± SD or percentages.

b Demographics were recorded at the run-in visit (week −4); baseline BP and echocardiographic measurements were performed at the baseline visit (week 0) or at the run-in visit if baseline data were missing.

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Table 2 Influencing factors of left ventricular mass index at baseline

Variable at baseline	Parameter estimate	Standard error	p value	Partial R^2
Sex	−21.58	5.18	<0.0001	0.1316
Nocturnal mean SBP	0.43	0.14	0.0018	0.0830
BMI	1.29	0.82	0.1190	0.0176

Multiple linear regression: R² 0.2321, p < 0.0001.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index.

Figure 1 Changes in ambulatory blood pressure after 52 weeks of treatment with perindopril/indapamide (n = 65) or enalapril (n = 62). A. Over 24 hours; B. Daytime; C. Night-time. Mean changes from baseline and standard deviations in parentheses are presented. *p vs baseline ≤0.01; **p vs baseline ≤0.001, ^†p vs enalapril <0.01.

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Table 3 Change in office blood pressure between baseline and study end

	Perindopril/indapamide n = 65	Enalapril n = 62	p between-group difference†
SBP, mmHg	−28.1 ± 16.5*	−18.7 ± 17.2*	0.0002
DBP, mmHg	−12.3 ± 8.4*	−8.9 ± 11.1*	0.039
PP, mmHg	−15.8 ± 12.6*	−9.8 ± 12.2*	0.0002

Measurements are expressed as means ± SD.

* p vs baseline ≤0.0001.

† α = 2.5%.

Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Figure 2 Variations in blood pressure over 24 hours in perindopril/indapamide (n = 65) and enalapril (n = 62). A. SBP; B. DBP; C. PP. Mean baseline and end-of-study ambulatory blood pressure calculated every 2 hours are plotted.

Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Table 4 Global trough/peak ratio and smoothness index at study end

		Perindopril/indapamide n = 65	Enalapril n = 62
Global trough/peak ratio
SBP	Trough change from baseline, mmHg	−14.9	−6.8
	Peak change from baseline, mmHg	−16.8	−10.3
	Global trough/peak ratio, %	88.5	65.8
DBP	Trough change from baseline, mmHg	−7.7	−4.1
	Peak change from baseline, mmHg	−8.9	−6.5
	Global trough/peak ratio, %	86.7	63.9
Global smoothness index
	SBP	6.6	5.2
	DBP	5.6	4.9

Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Figure 3 Relationship between mean systolic blood pressure over 24 hours (mmHg) change (Wend − W0) and left ventricular mass index change in enalapril group (n = 62). ρ: Pearson correlation coefficient.

Figure 4 Relationship between mean SBP over 24 hours (mmHg) change (Wend − W0) and left ventricular mass index change (Wend − baseline) in perindopril/indapamide group (n = 65). ρ: Pearson correlation coefficient.

Regression equation: LVMI change (WEND-Baseline) (ENA) = 6.8649 + 0.551855 *SBPMEAN24_CHANGE AT WEND

Table 5 Influencing factors of left ventricular mass index (LVMI) change

Variable	Parameter estimate	Standard error	p value	Partial R^2
LVMI at baseline	−0.28	0.07	<0.0001	0.1087
Treatment group	11.19	3.88	0.0046	0.0570

a Multiple linear regression: R² 0.1657, p < 0.0001.