Figures & data
Figure 1 Diabetes is characterized by decompensated insulin secretion for insulin resistance at target organs including adipose tissue, liver and muscle. Insulin resistance is associated with increased proinflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory pathways in insulin resistance can be initiated by extracellular mediators such as cytokines and free fatty acid (FFA) or by intracellular stresses such as ER stress, excess ROS production by mitochondria or lipotoxicity. Activation of NF-κB pathway leads to induction of chemokines that recruit inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. (FFA Free fatty acid, ER Endoplasmic reticulum, DAG diacylglycerol, LCFA long chain fatty acid, IR insulin receptor).
