Five-year incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among cardiovascular disease-free Greek adults: Findings from the ATTICA study

Figures & data

Table 1 Five-year incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men and women by age group.

	Men	Women
# People participated in the follow-up	880	926
Age at baseline	5-year incidence of diabetes		Men-to-women ratio
<35 y	0.0%	0.4%	-
35–45 y	5.6%	4.2%	1.33
45–55 y	6.3%	7.0%	0.90
55–65 y	11.3%	11.8%	0.95
65–75 y	15.8%	10.5%	1.50
>75 y	10.8%	16.7%	0.64
Overall	5.8%	5.3%	1.09

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the ATTICA study’s participants according to the 5-year incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Status at 5-year follow–up
Baseline factors:	Nondiabetic (n = 1706)	Diabetic (n = 100)	P
Age, y	43 ± 11	53 ± 13	0.001
Male sex, %	49%	51%	0.64
Years of school	13 ± 3	10 ± 4	0.001
Smokers, %	42%	31%	0.03
Physically inactive subjects, %	58%	63%	0.33
Mediterranean diet score (0–55)	26 ± 5	23 ± 6	0.001
Ethanol intake, g/day	8.7 ± 12	11.3 ± 18	0.38
Hypertensive subjects, %	28%	45%	0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	121 ± 18	128 ± 17	0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	79 ± 8	84 ± 9	0.02
Hypercholesterolemic subjects, %	39%	55%	0.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	193 ± 41	208 ± 42	<0.001
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl	49 ± 13	45 ± 14	0.04
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl	122 ± 37	135 ± 40	0.002
Triglycerides, mg/dl	111 ± 67	156 ± 70	0.001
Fasting glucose, mg/dl	89 ± 19	97 ± 18	0.001
hs C-reactive protein, mg/l	1.8 ± 2.3	2.5 ± 2.7	0.01
Obese subjects, %	16%	39%	0.001
Body mass index, kg/m^2	26 ± 5	29 ± 4	0.001
Waist, cm
Men	96 ± 11	104 ± 12	0.001
Women	82 ± 10	90 ± 11	0.001

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SD or relative frequencies.

Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

Table 3 Results from multiple logistic regression analysis that evaluated sociodemographic, lifestyle, biological, clinical baseline characteristics in relation to 5-year incidence of type 2 diabetes in the ATTICA study participants

	Odds ratio	95% Confidence interval
Initial model
Age (per 1 year)	1.04	1.02–1.07
Male vs. females	1.24	0.35–4.37
Years of school (per 1 year)	0.94	0.81–1.10
Smokers vs. nonsmokers	0.84	0.28–2.25
Mediterranean diet score (per 1 unit)	0.99	0.97–1.07
Ethanol intake (per 1 g/d)	1.002	0.97–1.03
Physically active vs. inactive	0.40	0.12–1.31
Waist circumference (per 1 cm)	1.05	1.01–1.09
Fasting blood glucose (per 1 mg/dl)	1.09	1.04–1.14
Hypercholesterolemia (y/n)	0.59	0.17–2.05
Hypertension (y/n)	0.42	0.12–1.45
Family history of diabetes (y/n)	3.93	1.30–11.9
hs C-reactive protein (per 1 mg/l)	1.06	1.87–1.28
Final model
Age (per 1 year)	1.04	1.02–1.07
Waist (per 1 cm)	1.02	1.01–1.03
Physically active vs. inactive	0.62	0.35–1.02
Fasting blood glucose (per 1 mg/dl)	1.05	1.03–1.07
Family history of diabetes (y/n)	2.65	1.58–4.53

Notes: -2 log(likelihood) for the initial model = 470.6 and for the fi nal model = 475.4 (p for the differences in -2loglikelihoods = 0.9).