Blood pressure normalization by fixed perindopril/indapamide combination in hypertensive patients with or without associate metabolic syndrome: results of the OPTIMAX 2 study

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive clinical characteristics of the patients at inclusion, displayed for all patients and by treatment group. Except for age and gender, no significant difference was observed between groups at inclusion

		Group A n = 8,138	Group B n = 9,415	Group C n = 6,516	All patients n = 24,069
Gender*	% men	58.0	52.9	57.1	55.8
Age*	Mean ± SD	58.2 ± 11.4	63.2 ± 11.2	64.4 ± 10.6	61.8 ± 11.4
Systolic BP (mmHg)	Mean ± SD	164.2 ± 12.0	159.1 ± 13.2	163.4 ± 12.1	162.0 ± 12.7
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	Mean ± SD	95.0 ± 8.6	91.7 ± 9.1	93.4 ± 9.2	93.3 ± 9.1
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	Mean ± SD	1.45 ± 0.71	1.46 ± 0.69	1.52 ± 0.73	1.47 ± 0.71
>1.7 mmol/L	%	23.3	23.7	27.2	24.5
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	Mean ± SD	5.79 ± 1.35	5.91 ± 1.48	6.12 ± 1.62	5.93 ± 1.49
≥6.1 mmol/L	%	26.0	30.3	36.2	30.5
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	Mean ± SD	5.82 ± 1.01	5.72 ± 1.02	5.71 ± 1.06	5.75 ± 1.03
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	Mean ± SD	1.35 ± 0.35	1.35 ± 0.36	1.32 ± 0.35	1.34 ± 0.36
Men < 1.04 mmol/L	%	18.7	19.3	22.7	20.0
Women < 1.30 mmol/L	%	30.0	30.8	32.1	30.9
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	Mean ± SD	3.63 ± 0.90	3.52 ± 0.89	3.52 ± 0.91	3.56 0.90
Waist circumference (cm)	Mean ± SD	97.7 ± 13.6	98.0 ± 13.8	99.7 ± 14.1	98.4 ± 13.8
Men > 102 cm	%	44.8	45.7	51.1	46.9
Women > 88 cm	%	59.5	62.4	65.0	62.2
Weight (kg)	Mean ± SD	80.1 ± 15.0	79.7 ± 14.9	81.8 ± 15.4	80.4 ± 15.1
Height (cm)	Mean ± SD	169.0 ± 8.4	167.8 ± 8.3	168.3 ± 8.4	168.3 ± 8.4
Anti-diabetic therapy	%	11.7	18.5	25.8	18.2
Lipid-lowering therapy	%	28.8	42.4	53.7	40.8

* p < 0.0001

Table 2 Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the study population as a whole and distributed by therapeutic group

	Group A n = 8,138	Group B n = 9,415	Group C n = 6,516	All patients n = 24,069
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome	26.4%	30.7%	35.0%	30.4%
Fasting glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L	26.0%	30.3%	36.2%	30.5%
Triglycerides > 1.7 mmol/L	23.3%	23.7%	27.2%	24.5%
Hypertensiona (raised BP or treatment)	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
HDL-cholesterol
<1.04 mmol/L in men	18.7%	19.3%	22.7%	20.0%
<1.30 mmol/L in women	30.0%	30.8%	32.1%	30.9%
Waist circumference
>102 cm in men	44.8%	45.7%	51.1%	46.9%
>88 cm in women	59.5%	62.4%	65.0%	62.2%
Number of MS criteria
1 criterion	39.7%	36.2%	32.8%	36.4%
2 criteria	33.9%	33.1%	32.3%	33.2%
3 criteria	17.2%	19.6%	21.9%	19.4%
4 criteria	7.6%	8.7%	10.5%	8.8%
5 criteria	1.7%	2.4%	2.5%	2.2%

a Hypertension was a criterion for eligibility to the study. This is the reason why this parameter is quoted 100% in all groups.

Figure 1 Incidence of hypertension-related cofactors of cardiovascular risk in the study population distributed by therapeutic group. For all parameters, significant differences (p < 0.0001) were found between groups except for the familial history of hypertension (ns between Group A and Group B), and tobacco consumption (ns between Group B and Group C).

Table 3 Incidence of hypertension-related cofactors of cardiovascular risk in the study population distributed according to the presence or absence of MS. For all parameters except personal history of stroke (equivalent incidence), significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between groups

	Patients without MS n = 16,747	Patients with MS n = 7,322	p value
Target organ lesion
Left ventricular hypertrophy	14.4%	21.5%	<0.0001
Renal failure	3.8%	4.9%	0.0002
Direct familial history
Arterial hypertension	42.8%	49.3%	<0.0001
Cardiovascular disease or sudden death	15.0%	20.1%	<0.0001
Personal history of cardiovascular disease
Stroke	3.7%	3.6%	0.66
Myocardial infarction	2.8%	3.9%	<0.0001
Angina	6.4%	10.6%	<0.0001
Coronary revascularization	3.5%	4.6%	<0.0001
Heart failure	2.6%	4.6%	<0.0001
Peripheral arterial disease	6.5%	9.5%	<0.0001
Type 1 diabetes	1.4%	4.0%	<0.0001
Type 2 diabetes	10.1%	32.2%	<0.0001
Tobacco consumption or cessation <1 year	26.7%	28.3%	0.0092
Irregular physical exercise	66.7%	80.8%	<0.0001

Figure 2 Rates of BP control among the study patients distributed by treatment group and according to the presence or not of MS. No significant difference was observed between the group of patients with MS vs the group of patients without MS (p = NS), but significant differences were found between subgroups A, B, and C among the two patient groups “with MS” and “without MS”.

Figure 3 BP lowering (difference from baseline) in the population as a whole and in the three subgroups of patients. Significant differences were found both on the comparison between groups (p < 0.0001 for all) and on BP difference from baseline (p < 0.0001).