Heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A literature review with emphasis on individuals with diabetes

Figures & data

Figure 1 Evolution of published literature on cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1980–2006.

Table 1 Prevalence of heart failure among patients with hypertension in selected African countries

Country	Year	Study sample	Prevalence of heart failure
Liberia (Njoh 1990)	1990	105	55.2%
Niger (Toure et al 1992)	1989	54	32.0%
Nigeria (Isezuo 2003)	2003	440	36.4%
Nigeria (Ayodele et al 2005)	2005	203	10.8%

Table 2 Main causes of heart failure in African adults

Country	Sample	Men(%)	Mean age (years)	Hypertension	Cardiomyopathy	Valvular disease	IHD	Pericardial diseases	Pulmonar diseases	Congenital heart disease
Cameroon (Kingue et al 2005)	167	59.3%	57	54.5%	26.3%	24.5%	2.4%	2.4%	7.8%	1.2%
Ghana (Amoah and Kallen 2000)	572	54.5%	42	22.6%	16.9%	20.2%	10.2%	7.3%	-	7.5%
Guinea (Fofana et al 1988)	574	59.7%	49	37.5%	37.4%	14%	-	0.3%	-	-
Kenya(Oyoo and Ogola 1999)	91	48.4%	-	17.6%	25.2%	32%	2.2%	13.2	-	-
Nigeria(Ola et al 2006)	100	58.0%	63	58%	11%	10%	-	-	15%	8%
Senegal(Thiam 2003)	170	-	50	45%	28%	44.7%	18.9%	-	3.5%	-

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