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Abstract
Luo Z., Gu H., Krock B. and Tillmann U. 2013. Azadinium dalianense, a new dinoflagellate species from the Yellow Sea, China. Phycologia 52: 625–636. DOI: 10.2216/13-178.1
The dinoflagellate genus Azadinium includes species with a plate formula of po, cp, X, 4′, 3a, 6′′, 6C, 5S, 6′′′, 2′′′′ and is part of the family Amphidomataceae with an uncertain order affiliation. Among six species, at least two produce azaspiracids (AZAs), a group of lipophilic toxins that accumulate in shellfish and can cause human health problems. Diversity within the genus might be underestimated at present due to its small size. In the present study, we searched for Azadinium by incubating freshly collected sediments from the Yellow Sea off China and succeeded in detecting a new species, here described as Azadinium dalianense sp. nov. It shared identical hypothecal, cingular and sulcal plates with the other Azadinium species, but it was unique in having only three apical and two anterior intercalary plates. Up to two stalked pyrenoids were present but their location in the cell varied. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated small-subunit, partial large-subunit, and internal transcribed spacer sequences revealed that A. dalianense was nested within Azadinium and formed a strongly supported clade with A. poporum. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses did not detect any known AZAs.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Kenneth Neil Mertens for helpful discussion. Rafael Salas provided helpful comments and corrected the English. We are greatly indebted to two anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions. This project was supported by National Science Foundation of China (41376170, 41101060) and the key projects about Marine and Polar science between China and Germany.
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Supplementary data associated with this article can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/13-178.1.s1.