The Epigenetic Impacts of Social Stress: How does Social Adversity Become Biologically Embedded?

Figures & data

Table 1.  Examples of differentially methylated genes associated with social stress.

Stressor	Species	Genes	Ref.
Early-life stress	Mouse	Avp, Nr3c1, Prkcc	[11,24–28,158]
	Rat	Bdnf, Nr3c1, Pcdh	[7–10,21–23,28]
	Macaque monkey	NR3C1, MMP7, RALB, CYP7A1, CLEC9, XM_001092634.1, KIAA1671, ST6GALNAC1, MTTP, APEX2, INTS7, TRAK1, TTC35, ZNF724P, ZG16, MORC1	[14,19,28]
	Human	NR3C1, MAOA, CRH, CRHBP, FKBP5, GAS5, miR-124, LGI1/LGI2, MORC1, BDNF, SLC6A4, KITLG, PM20D1, SLC17A3, PCDH	[19,28–29,32–39,44–49,129]
Acute stress of subordinates by dominant conspecifics	Cichlid	GnRH1	[80]
Low socioeconomic status	Human	PCDHB4, PCDHB3, PCDHGA11, MBD4, HEMK2, DICER1, SERPINB10, WWC1, HTRA3, LINC01072, AVP, FKBP5, OXTR, CCL1, CD1D, F8, KLRG1, NLRP12, TLR3, NFATC1, IL1A, GPR132, MAPK36, CXCL2, PTGS2, SLC6A4	[121–122,124–126,128,130]
Genocidal war	Human	NR3C1, CRH, FKBP5, CRHBP	[31,39,147]
Combat PTSD	Human	NR3C1, SKA2	[148–150]
Suicide	Human	NR3C1, SKA2	[29,32,151–152]
Holocaust	Human	NR3C1, FKBP5	[154,155]

PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder.

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