Screening for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Escherichia Coli in Recreational Beach Waters in Singapore

Figures & data

Table 1. Sampling coordinates of six beaches and total Escherichia coli count.

Beach ID	Sampling location	Coordinates	E. coli count (CFU/100 ml)			ESBL E. coli detected
A	ECE 1	N 01° 18.608’ E 103°56.785’	0	0	0	–
	ECE 2	N 01° 18.663’ E 103°57.055’	0	0	38	–
	ECE 4	N 01° 18.788’ E 103°57.551’	0	0	37	–
	ECE 5	N 01° 18.884’ E 103°57.734’	0	3	0	–
	ECW 1	N 01° 18.578’ E 103°56.720’	0	10	0	–
	ECW 3	N 01° 18.392’ E 103°56.216’	0	0	0	–
	ECW 5	N 01° 18.282’ E 103°55.796’	0	0	0	–
	ECW 6	N 01° 18.230’ E 103°55.579’	0	13	0	–
	ECW 8	N 01° 18.105’ E 103°55.081’	0	0	80	–
	ECW 9	N 01° 17.994’ E 103°54.756’	0	0	22	–
	ECW 11	N 01° 17.853’ E 103°54.347’	0	12	32	–
	ECW 13	N 01° 17.705’ E 103°53.901’	0	4	23	–
B	S 1	N 01° 15.375’ E 103°48.600’	0	0	47	–
	S 4	N 01° 15.118’ E 103°48.974’	0	0	0	–
	S 5	N 01° 14.974’ E 103°49.210’	0	0	1	–
	S 6	N 01° 14.825’ E 103°49.430’	0	0	2	–
	S 7	N 01° 14.557’ E 103°49.626’	0	0	0	–
	S 8	N 01° 14.434’ E 103°49.826’	0	0	0	–
C	PR 1	N 01° 23.336’ E 103°56.386’	10	8	3	–
	PR 3	N 01° 23.066’ E 103°56.775’	10	5	0	–
	PR 5	N 01° 22.941’ E 103°57.079’	0	4	0	–
	PR 7	N 01° 22.869’ E 103°57.609’	7	0	0	–
D	CB 1	N 01° 23.585’ E 103°59.196’	28	3	0	–
	CB 3	N 01° 23.461’ E 103°59.565’	0	0	0	–
	CB 4	N 01° 23.106’ E 104°00.063’	1	0	0	–
	CB 6	N 01° 22.647’ E 104°00.266’	1	0	0	–
E	PB 1	N 01° 25’18.0” E 103°54’39.5"	0	0	0	–
	PB 2	N 01° 25’17.0" E 103°54’44.4"	42	0	0	–
F	SP 1	N 01° 27’49.68" E 103°50’15.87"	23	0	0	–
	SP 3	N 01° 27’35.19" E 103°50’37.77"	10	0	0	–

–: Not detected.

CFU: Colony-forming unit; ESBL E. coli: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli.

Figure 1. Workflow for screening of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers in beach water samples.

Figure 2. Total Escherichia coli (CFU/100 ml) for all collected water samples.

All were within limits of ≤126 CFU/100 ml (dotted line) and ≤500 CFU/100 ml, as stipulated in the US EPA and EU guidelines, respectively, for recreational beach waters.