Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs of Adverse Events Among Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Cancer in USA

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics.

Characteristics	Cohorts			p-value^†
	All patients (n = 2,031)	Patients with severe AEs (n = 290)	Patients without severe AEs (n = 1,290)
Treatment period, months (median ± SD)	3.8 (3.3 ± 2.6)	3.8 (3.4 ± 2.5)	3.9 (3.3 ± 2.7)	0.642
Time from first claim with UC diagnosis code to index date, months (median ± SD)	3.0 (2.7 ± 1.9)	2.9 (2.7 ± 2.0)	2.9 (2.6 ± 1.9)	0.812
Demographics:
– Age, years (median ± SD)	61.4 (62 ± 9.6)	62.9 (63 ± 10.9)	61.4 (62 ± 9.3)	0.033*
– Gender, female, n (%)	680 (33.5)	99 (34.1)	406 (31.5)	0.379
Region, n (%):
– South	757 (37.3)	111 (38.3)	480 (37.2)	0.734
– Midwest	567 (27.9)	83 (28.6)	357 (27.7)	0.745
– Northeast	456 (22.5)	61 (21.0)	295 (22.9)	0.499
– West	236 (11.6)	34 (11.7)	149 (11.6)	0.933
– Unknown	15 (0.7)	1 (0.3)	9 (0.7)	0.494
Insurance plan type, n (%):
– Preferred provider organization	1474 (72.6)	210 (72.4)	942 (73.0)	0.833
– Health maintenance organization	282 (13.9)	42 (14.5)	160 (12.4)	0.338
– Point of service	109 (5.4)	16 (5.5)	76 (5.9)	0.806
– Indemnity/traditional	133 (6.5)	18 (6.2)	89 (6.9)	0.672
– Consumer-driven healthcare	10 (0.5)	2 (0.7)	7 (0.5)	0.764
– Unknown	23 (1.1)	2 (0.7)	16 (1.2)	0.425
Year of index date, n (%):
– 2012	230 (11.3)	35 (12.1)	149 (11.6)	0.804
– 2013	381 (18.8)	67 (23.1)	237 (18.4)	0.065
– 2014	415 (20.4)	54 (18.6)	259 (20.1)	0.574
– 2015	398 (19.6)	52 (17.9)	252 (19.5)	0.531
– 2016	428 (21.1)	54 (18.6)	285 (22.1)	0.193
– 2017	179 (8.8)	28 (9.7)	108 (8.4)	0.481
Type of index regimen, n (%):
– Chemotherapy	1906 (93.8)	276 (95.2)	1208 (93.6)	0.325
– Immuno-oncology therapy	125 (6.2)	14 (4.8)	82 (6.4)	0.325
Quan–Charlson comorbidity index (median ± SD)	7.1 (7 ± 1.5)	7.1 (7 ± 1.4)	6.8 (6 ± 1.4)	0.001*
Select Elixhauser’s comorbidities, n (%):
– Hypertension	871 (42.9)	137 (47.2)	517 (40.1)	0.025*
– Iron deficiency anemia	391 (19.3)	47 (16.2)	179 (13.9)	0.306
– Fluid electrolyte disorders	370 (18.2)	37 (12.8)	123 (9.5)	0.100
– Chronic pulmonary disease	350 (17.2)	51 (17.6)	207 (16.0)	0.522
– Diabetes, uncomplicated	303 (14.9)	45 (15.5)	177 (13.7)	0.426
– Cardiac arrhythmias	256 (12.6)	37 (12.8)	132 (10.2)	0.209
– Renal failure	234 (11.5)	28 (9.7)	88 (6.8)	0.095
– Obesity	193 (9.5)	29 (10.0)	119 (9.2)	0.682
– Hypothyroidism	169 (8.3)	28 (9.7)	100 (7.8)	0.283
– Depression	167 (8.2)	22 (7.6)	90 (7.0)	0.715
– Peripheral vascular disease	165 (8.1)	21 (7.2)	98 (7.6)	0.836
– Valvular disease	135 (6.6)	20 (6.9)	77 (6.0)	0.552

† p-values are from t-tests for equality of means for continuous variables and χ² tests for equality of proportions for categorical variables.

*p-values less than or equal to 0.05.

AE: Adverse event; SD: Standard deviation; UC: Urothelial cancer.

Figure 1. Adjusted mean cost differences.

(A) Adjusted mean cost differences (and 95% CIs) comparing patients with versus without select severe AEs. (B) Adjusted mean cost differences (and 95% CIs) comparing patients with versus without select AEs of any severity.

*Indicates statistical significance at the 5% level.

AE: Adverse event; CI: Confidence interval; PPPM: Per-patient-per-month.

Figure 2. Adjusted rate ratios for hospitalization comparing patients with versus without select severe adverse events.

*Indicates statistical significance at the 5% level.

AE: Adverse event; CI: Confidence interval; RR: Rate ratio.