Role of Prolonged Mitotic Checkpoint Activation in the Formation and Treatment of Cancer

Abstract

Mitotic abnormalities are a common feature of human cancer cells, and recent studies have provided evidence that such abnormalities may play a causative, rather than merely incidental role, in tumorigenesis. One such abnormality is prolonged activation of the mitotic checkpoint, which can be provoked by a number of the gene changes that drive tumor formation. At the same time, antimitotic chemotherapeutics exert their clinical efficacy through the large-scale induction of prolonged mitotic checkpoint activation, indicating that mitotic arrest is influential in both the formation and treatment of human cancer. However, how this influence occurs is not well understood. In this perspective, we will discuss the current evidence in support of the potential mechanisms by which prolonged activation of the mitotic checkpoint affects both tumorigenesis and antimitotic chemotherapy.

Keywords:

• aneuploidy
• antimitotic chemotherapy
• apoptosis
• cell-cycle arrest
• centrosomes
• checkpoint
• chromosomal instability
• DNA damage
• mitosis
• polypoidy
• tumorigenesis

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health to Vincent W Yang (CA84197, DK52230 and DK64399). W Brian Dalton was supported in part by an Emory Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology (BCDB) graduate training grant. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health to Vincent W Yang (CA84197, DK52230 and DK64399). W Brian Dalton was supported in part by an Emory Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology (BCDB) graduate training grant. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.