https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2881-2708
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Abstract
Aim: To develop a series of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) by coconjugating them with ibuprofen (ibu) and glycerol phosphate (glycerol) or ibu and glucose-1-phosphate and to assess capacity of these conjugates to inhibit the release of nitric oxide (NO) in macrophages, even at low concentrations. Materials & methods: The SPION conjugates were characterized and their properties evaluated showing the influence of those ligands on colloidal stability and inhibition of NO-release demonstrated. The cytotoxicity and possible anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated using murine macrophages (RAW 247.6). Results: SPION-glycerol phosphate/ibu conjugates inhibited the NO production induced by lipopolysaccharides, indicating a potential anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: SPION conjugated with ibu was shown to inhibit NO-release even at very low concentrations, suggesting possible action against inflammatory diseases.
Supplementary data
To view the supplementary data that accompany this paper please visit the journal website at: www.tandfonline.com/doi/suppl/10.2217/nnm-2020-0214
Author contributions
K Araki and MK Uchiyama conceived the main idea; SH Toma conducted the experiments of SPIONs synthesis, RM Cardoso conducted the experiments of SPIONs functionalization, RM Cardoso and M Romano contributed to SPIONs characterization and data analyses, MS Baptista contributed to the necessary structure for conducting cellular experiments, M Romano and MK Uchiyama conducted the experimental part of SPIONs study in RAW macrophages and data analyses, M Romano wrote the manuscript, MK Uchiyama, RM Cardoso, SH Toma and K Araki contributed to additional correction and interpretation, MK Uchiyama and M Romano contributed to data characterization. All authors reviewed the manuscript and gave final approval.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors would like to thank the financial support granted by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, SHPF grant 2014/07328-4, K Araki 2018/21489-1 and MS Baptista 2013/07937-8), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, K Araki grant 401581/2016-0 and 303137/2016-9), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (program 33002010191PO), M Romano is doctoral fellow (CAPES, program 33002010191PO), MK Uchiyama was postdoctoral Sibratec-Finep fellow. SH Toma would like to thank CNPq for the Scholarship in Technological Development Productivity (CNPq 305950/2016-9) and Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano-CNPEM) for access of TEM facilities (TEM-21785). K Araki and SH Toma also acknowledge the financial support granted by Petrobras (0050.0101557.16.9). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank S Farsky, a researcher in the Department of Toxicology at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of São Paulo for her contribution to the development of the experimental protocols used in the experimental stage part of SPIONs study in RAW macrophages.