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Research Article

Association of fish consumption and omega 3 supplementation with quality of life, disability and disease activity in an international cohort of people with multiple sclerosis

, , , , &
Pages 792-801 | Received 05 Apr 2013, Accepted 02 May 2013, Published online: 03 Jun 2013

Figures & data

Table 1.   Demographics and disease type of the HOLISM study population [n (%), unless otherwise stated].

Table 2.   Fish consumption and omega 3 supplementation for all respondents and those with relapsing–remitting MS only [n (%)].

Table 3.   Disability by omega 3 consumption, type and dose, and frequency of fish consumption for all respondents [n (%)].

Figure 1.  HR-QOL outcomes of all respondents by frequency of fish consumption. Groupwise comparisons: all p < 0.001. Pairwise group comparisons: ****p < 0.001, ***p = 0.002, **p = 0.003, *p = 0.013.

Figure 1.  HR-QOL outcomes of all respondents by frequency of fish consumption. Groupwise comparisons: all p < 0.001. Pairwise group comparisons: ****p < 0.001, ***p = 0.002, **p = 0.003, *p = 0.013.

Table 4.   Significant predictors and covariate for components of HRQOL.

Table 5.   Relapse rate (last 12 months rate, 95% CI) and disease activity [n (%)] in those with relapsing–remitting MS by fish consumption, omega 3 supplementation, dose, and type.