Risk factors and preventive strategies for post-operative pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery: a comprehensive review

Figures & data

Table 1. Consensus parameters for POPF grading (ISGPS criteria).

Grade	A	B	C
Clinical conditions	Well	Often well	Ill appearing/bad
Specific treatment^a	No	Yes/no	Yes
US/CT (if obtained)	Negative	Negative/positive	Positive
Persistent drainage (after 3 weeks)^b	No	Usually yes	Yes
Reoperation	No	No	Yes
Death related to POPF	No	No	Possibly yes
Signs of infections	No	Yes	Yes
Sepsis	No	No	Yes
Readmission	No	Yes/no	Yes/no

ISGPS denotes International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery; US: ultrasonography; CT: computed tomographic scan; POPF: post-operative pancreatic fistula. Reproduced from Bassi et al., Surgery 2005 [7].

^aPartial (peripheral) or total parenteral nutrition, antibiotics, enteral nutrition, somatostatin analog and/or minimal invasive drainage.

^bWith or without a drain in situ.

Bassi C, Dervenis C, Butturini G, et al. Postoperative pancreatic fistula: an international study group (ISGPF) definition. Surgery. 2005;138:8–13.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar