Thermal aspects of exposure to radiofrequency energy: Report of a workshop

Figures & data

Table I.  Presentations at workshop.

Participant	Paper topic
Abiy Desta (FDA) Edward Mantiply (FCC) CK Chou (IEEE ICES Bernard Veyret (U. Bordeaux, ICNIRP)	The needs of the FDA (i.e. public safety, specific limits) The needs of the FCC IEEE C95.1 brief overview ICNIRP brief overview
Mark Dewhirst (Duke Univ) and Marvin Ziskin (Temple Univ)	Review of thermal damage to tissues
Christopher Gordon (Toxicity Assessment Division, EPA)	Human thermoregulation
Gavin C Donaldson (University College London)	Cardiovascular system
Eugene Kiyatkin (Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institite of Drug Abuse)	Neural systems and behavior
Michael Bergeron (National Institute of Athletic Health and Performance)	Children and hyperthermia
Elizabeth Repasky (Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo) and Sarah Beachy (NIH)	Thermal influences on the immune system
Robert McIntosh – Australia Niels Kuster, IT’IS Switzerland	Correlation between SAR and temperature in different tissues Simulation tools for tissue damage and inductive coupling with implants
William Dewey (University of California, San Francisco, Emeritus)	Arrhenius relationships from the molecule to the cell to the clinic
HS Sharma (University of Uppsala)	Vascular effects (BBB permeability, oedema, cerebral blood flow)
Jack Hoopes (Dartmouth College)	Direct damage; metabolic effects of heat
Nathan McDannold (Harvard University)	Functional and sympathetic effects (nerve excitability, discharge)
Per Söderberg (University of Uppsala)	Eye
Akimasa Hirata (Nagoya Institite, Japan)	Relationship between SAR and temperature elevation
Gary J. Fisher (University of Michigan, Dermatology Department)	Thermal effects on skin
Christina Wang (University of California, Los Angeles	Testicular function

Figure 1. Approximate ranking of thresholds for thermal damage of various tissues. Adapted from a figure contributed by M. Dewhirst.

Figure 2. Thresholds for thermal damage for two values of CEM43 (1 and 10 min) and also the AIUM recommendations for thermal exposure from diagnostic ultrasound.