Figures & data
Figure 1. Thermosensitive liposomes with a phase transition temperature near 42°C releasing the cargo at mild hyperthermia conditions. Courtesy of M. Dewhist, Duke University, USA.
Figure 2. Schematic representation of US-mediated intracellular drug delivery utilizing temperature-sensitive liposomes (step 1) and membrane permeabilization in the presence of microbubbles (step 2).
Figure 3. Epifluorescence imaging of two-step delivery. Only the combination of two consecutive steps – heating and sonication in presence of Sonovue microbubbles lead to the model drug TO-PRO-3 release from the thermosensitive liposomes and its intracellular uptake (visible as nuclear staining, H, exposure time 100 ms). Under other conditions the dye either remained encapsulated in the liposomes (A-D, exposure time 500 ms) or was not able to enter the cytoplasm and diffuse to the nucleus (E-G, exposure time 500 ms). (From Yudina et al, J Contr Release 2011).
