Ultrasound enhanced drug delivery to the brain and central nervous system

Figures & data

Figure 1. (A) baseline T1w MRI images of a rat brain showing target sonication locations. (B) contrast-enhanced T1w images post FUS BBBD showing enhancement indicating disruption at the eight target locations.

Figure 2. (A) Resonance frequency as a function of microbubble radius for free bubbles oscillating in the linear regime based on Equation 1. The polytropic constant is 1.06 in this example [41]. (B) Radial bubble displacement as a function of equilibrium bubble radius for free bubbles oscillating in the linear regime under acoustic excitation at 0.5 MHz and 50 kPa peak pressure. The radial displacement was calculated based on equations for undamped linear oscillations in [42] and does not account for constraints imposed by a bubble shell or the vessel wall, or for non-linear oscillations.

Table I. Therapeutic agents delivered to the brain using ultrasound.

Study	Agent	Approximate size	Reference number
Liu et al., 2010	1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BNCU)	214 Da	81
Treat et al., 2007, 2008	Doxorubicin	540 Da	32, 82
Liu et al., 2010	Epirubicin	543.5 Da	83
Kinoshita et al., 2006	Herceptin	148 kDa	84
Kinoshita et al., 2006	Dopamine D4 receptor-targeting antibodies	150 kDa	85
Mei et al., 2009	Methotrexate	545.44 Da	23
Raymond et al., 2008	Amyloid-β antibodies	150 kDa	86
Jordão et al., 2010	Amyloid-β antibodies	150 kDa	87
Diaz et al., 2011	Polyethylene glycol coated Au nanoparticles	50 nm	88
Park et al., 2011	Stem cells	7–10 µm	89
Burgess et al., 2011	Stem cells	7–10 µm	90

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