Characteristics of laparoscopic microwave ablation with renal tissue: Experimental in vivo study using a porcine model

Figures & data

Figure 1. Characteristics of microwave ablation. (A) Laparoscopic ablation procedure. (B) Kidney specimen after ablation (a: thick black, b: pale, c: dark red). (C) Sectional view of the ablation lesions (d: carbonization zone, e: coagulation zone, f: inflammatory reaction zone).

Table 1. Maximum diameter of ablation zone with different power/time combinations, microwave needle depth was 2 cm (n = 4, ).

	Power/time	Long axis (cm)	Horizontal axis (cm)
Single/double needle	W/S	()	()
Single	50/300	2.15 ± 0.07	1.80 ± 0.14
Single	50/480	2.25 ± 0.07	2.05 ± 0.07
Single	50/600	2.40 ± 0.14	2.45 ± 0.21
Single	60/480	2.55 ± 0.07	2.45 ± 0.07

Table 2. Maximum diameter of ablation zone with different power/time combinations, microwave needle depth was 3 cm (n = 4, ).

	Power/time	Long axis (cm)	Horizontal axis (cm)
Single/double needle	W/S	()	()
Single	50/300	3.15 ± 0.07	2.25 ± 0.07
Single	50/480	3.20 ± 0.14	2.65 ± 0.21
Single	50/600	3.25 ± 0.07	2.95 ± 0.07
Single	60/480	3.40 ± 0.14	3.10 ± 0.14
Double ①	50/480	3.70	4.80
Double ②	50/480	3.40	4.10

Double-needle ①, two needles spaced 1.5 cm apart; double-needle ②, two needles spaced 1.0 cm apart.

Figure 2. Pathological characteristics of kidney ablation areas (HE staining, 100x). (A) Normal kidney tissue. (B) Carbonization zone. (C) Coagulation zone. (D) Inflammatory reaction zone.