Parental comparison of the prosodic and paralinguistic ability of children with cochlear implants and their normal hearing siblings

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic data of the CI and NH participants.

CI-ID	Sex	Age (years)	CI mode	Age at implantation (years)	Number of siblings	Age of reference sibling (years)
CI01	F	12.08	Bilateral	2.33	1	7
CI02	M	5.83	Bilateral	4.08	1	3
CI03	M	2.58	Bilateral	0.75	1	5
CI04	F	5.16	Unilateral	2.67	2	10
CI05	F	12.92	Bilateral	1.92	1	Not specified, but older
CI06	M	11.08	Bilateral	2	1	8
CI07	M	8.58	Bilateral	2.83	1	3
CI08	M	6.08	Bilateral	4.92	1	Not specified, but younger
CI09	F	14.25	Bilateral	2.75	2	8
CI10	F	15.67	Bilateral	2.92	1	10
CI11	M	7.16	Bilateral	0.92	1	9
CI12	M	5.25	Unilateral	5	1	7
CI13	F	2	Bilateral	0.92	1	4
CI14	F	7.92	Bilateral	2	3	Not specified, but older
CI15	F	5.25	Bilateral	1	1	Not specified, but younger
CI16	M	4.5	Bilateral	2	1	6
CI17	F	5.5	Bilateral	5.08	1	8
CI18	M	5.42	Bilateral	4.33	1	3

Table 2. Mean (and standard deviation) from items involving parental ratings of both their CI and NH child’s perceptual ability.

Item	Mean CI	Mean NH	U	p	Corrected item-total correlation	Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted
1. Voice identification	4.3 (0.9)	4.9 (0.3)	79	0.002	0.36	0.77
2. Emotion happy	4.2 (0.4)	4.8 (0.4)	93	0.001	0.82	0.71
3. Emotion angry	4.4 (0.8)	4.8 (0.3)	113	0.04	0.63	0.74
4. Emotion sad	3.9 (1.0)	4.8 (0.3)	73.5	0.001	0.83	0.68
5. Imitation	3.7 (1.1)	4.2 (1.2)	119.5	0.1	0.14	0.86
6. Narrow focus	4.6 (0.7)	4.7 (0.7)	154	0.75	0.48	0.76
7. Question/statement	3.8 (0.9)	4.7 (0.5)	81	0.005	0.65	0.72

p values are not corrected for multiple comparisons.

Figure 1. Mean and standard deviation for items 8 to 11 showing parental ratings of vocal effort and enunciation in their own speech (left panel) and the frequency with which their CI child responds to their name being called (right panel).

Table 3. Factor scores for the loadings of the rotated component matrix.

Item	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4
1. Speaker recognition	0.9
2. Emotion – Happy	0.9
3. Emotion – Angry	0.8
4. Emotion – Sad	0.8
5. Imitation	0.7
6. Narrow focus		0.9
7. Question/statement		0.8
8. Vocal effort		−0.7	0.6
9. Clarity			0.9
10. Noisy environment			0.8
11. Normal environment				0.9
Total variance explained (%)	32.5	21.4	17.7	12.3

Absolute values lower than 0.6 are suppressed.

Figure 2. Scatterplots and regression line of the difference between NH and CI responses according to age (left panel), age at implantation (right panel) and duration of implant experience (lower panel).

Table

	Never				Always
	1	2	3	4	5
Child with CI
NH child

Table

	Not different				Completely different
	1	2	3	4	5

Table

	Never				Always
	1	2	3	4	5