Course, risk factors, and prognostic factors in elderly primary care patients with mild depression: A two-year observational study

Figures & data

Table I. Factors and symptoms at baseline associated with baseline prevalence of depressive diagnosis according to the DSM-IV (PRIME-MD CEG) (n = 156).

Item	OR	95% CI	p-value
Variable
“Having a partner”	0.41	0.20–0.85	0.02
Not widowed during last year	0.11	0.02–0.57	0.009
No leisure activities	3.4	1.4–8.2	0.006
No significant life event during the last year	0.32	0.15–0.67	0.0025
No history of depression	0.40	0.19–0.80	0.0099
Perception of good health	1.5	0.94–2.3	0.09
Socio-economic situation	1.0	0.56–1.9	0.94
Medication
Sedatives, benzodiazepines	2.0	1.0–4.0	0.051
Sedatives, non-benzodiazepines	3.8	1.9–7.8	0.0002
Lipid-lowering medication	0.48	0.17–1.4	0.17
Symptoms
Stomach ache	1.2	0.56–2.6	0.65
Back pain	2.1	1.0–4.3	0.041
Chest pain	1.6	0.76–3.2	0.22
Dizziness	1.2	0.61–2.4	0.60
Palpitations	1.5	0.72–3.1	0.28
Dyspnoea	1.1	0.53–2.3	0.79
Constipation or diarrhoea	1.4	0.69–2.9	0.35
Fatigue or loss of energy	4.4	1.5–13	0.009
Insomnia/hypersomnia	1.5	0.76–2.9	0.25
Change in appetite	2.6	0.65–10	0.18

Figure 1. Flow chart of the study.

Table II. Factors and symptoms at baseline predicting prevalence of depressive symptoms two years later, defined by MADRS-S score > 13 (n = 51).

Item	OR	95% CI	p-value
Variable
“Having a partner”	1.7	0.30–9.6	0.55
No leisure activities	12	1.1–136	0.041
No significant life event during the last year	0.51	0.05–5.2	0.57
No history of depression	0.17	0.02–1.6	0.12
Perception of good health	1.9	0.52–6.7	0.34
Socio-economic situation	0.43	0.09–2.0	0.29
Medication
Sedatives, benzodiazepines	1.1	0.20–5.6	0.94
Sedatives, non-benzodiazepines	2.8	0.47–17	0.26
Lipid-lowering medication	3.8	0.11–133	0.47
Symptoms
Stomach ache	0.9	0.14–5.7	0.90
Back pain	0.65	0.11–3.9	0.64
Chest pain	0.43	0.07–2.6	0.36
Dizziness	1.6	0.32–7.6	0.58
Palpitations	0.98	0.19–5.0	0.98
Dyspnoea	0.80	0.13–4.8	0.81
Constipation or diarrhoea	0.96	0.15–6.1	0.97
Insomnia/hypersomnia	2.0	0.34–12	0.44
Change in appetite	1.3	0.11–15	0.84

Figure 2. Median MADRS-S scores at baseline and at four follow-up visits.