Efficacy and safety of helical tomotherapy with daily image guidance in anal canal cancer patients

Figures & data

Table I. Population.

Variable	Total	%
No. of patients	78	100
Age (median; range)	62 (38–87)	–
≥75 years old	13	17
<75 years old	65	83
Gender
Male	18	23
Female	60	77
Tumor grading
G1	7	9
G2	15	19
G3	46	59
Basaloid SCC	10	13
T classification
1	14	18
2	32	41
3	22	28
4	10	13
Tumor localization
Anal canal	51	65
Anal margin	7	9
Ano-rectal junction	20	26
Tumor diameter (cm)Median: 3 (range 0.8–9)
≤3	42	54
>3	36	46
Fixed tumor
Yes	65	83
Not	13	17
Circumference invasion
Less than 3/4	66	84
More than 3/4	12	16
N classification
0	45	58
1	17	22
2	7	9
3	9	11
Stage
I	10	13
II	31	40
III	35	45
IV	2	2

Figure 1. Overall survival (a), Disease-free survival (b) and local control (c) for the whole population.

Table II. Variables considered in the univariate analysis.

Variable	Considered values
Gender	Male; female
Age (years)	<62; ≥62
Age (years)	<75; ≥75
Tumor diameter (cm)	<3; ≥3
Tumor extension	<3/4 circumference; ≥3/4 circumference
Tumor grading	G1; G2; G3; Basaloid SCC.G1–2 + basaloid; G3
Tumor location	Anal canal; anal margin; ano-rectal junction
Fixed tumor	Yes; not
T classification	T1; T2; T3; T4T1–2; T3–4T1–T3; T4
Nodal status	N0; N+N0–1; N2–3N0; N1; N2; N3
Stage	I; II; III; IVI–II; III–IV
Concomitant CT	Yes; not
Boost technique	3D-CRT; HT
OTT (days)	>60; ≤60>57; ≤57
Gap duration (days)	<7; ≥7<12; ≥12
Acute toxicity (grade)	0–1; 2–3

Table III. Results of univariate analysis for local control and disease-free survival (only variables showing a p-value <0.05 in at least one of the considered outcomes are listed).

Variable	Five-yearLocal control	p value	Five-yearDisease-free survival(%)	p value
Whole population	84.2%	–	77.2%	–
Gender
Male	56.6%	0.003	56.6%	0.02
Female	92.1%		83.3%
Nodal status
N0–1	87.9%	0.1	82.2%	0.02
N2–3	66.5%		53.8%
Nodal status
N0	90.4%	0.2	83%	0.005
N1	82.3%		82.3%
N2	71.4%		71.4%
N3	64.3%		38.1%
Concomitant CT
Yes	85.8%	0.06	80.1%	0.02
Not	53.3%		40%

Table IV. Results of multivariate analysis for local control and disease-free survival (only variables independently influencing these endpoints are shown).

Endpoint	Variables	Relative risk of relapse (95% CI)	p value
Local control	Gender
	Male	1	0.012
		Female	1.005 (0.4–1.68)
Disease-free  survival	Concomitant  chemotherapy
	Yes	1	0.018
	Not	1.14 (0.21–2.08)
	Stage
	III–IV	1	0.013
	I–II	0.74 (0.13–1.5)
	Gender
	Male	1	0.013
	Female	0.89 (0.19–1.6)
	Tumor size
	>3 cm	1	0.0004
		≤3 cm	0.6 (0.3–0.93)