Factors for thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Figures & data

Table I.  Prevalence of positive autoantibodies in children with T1DM according to diabetes duration.

	Diabetes duration 0–2.9 years	Diabetes duration 3.0–5.9 years	Diabetes duration ≥6 years	P
	n = 65	n = 32	n = 46
Anti-GAD antibodies:
Anti-GAD(+)	61.5%	45.8%	47.5%	NS
Anti-thyroid antibodies:
Anti-TPO(+)	9.2%	15.6%	30.4%	0.014
Anti-Tg(+)	3.1%	3.1%	28.3%	0.001
Anti-TPO(+) and anti-Tg(+)	3.0%	3.1%	26.0%	0.001

Table II.  Prevalence of positive autoantibodies in children with T1DM according to current age.

	Current age 5–9.9 years	Current age 10–14.9 years	Current age ≥15 years	P
	n = 34	n = 62	n = 39
Anti-GAD antibodies:
Anti-GAD(+)	40.7%	62.3%	47.1%	NS
Anti-thyroid antibodies:
Anti-TPO(+)	8.8%	11.3%	25.0%	0.033
Anti-Tg(+)	2.9%	6.5%	22.2%	0.001
Anti-TPO(+) and anti-Tg(+)	2.9%	6.4%	25.6%	0.002

Table III.  Logistic regression analysis for the estimation of the factors associated with autoantibody positivity in children with T1DM.

	B	P-value	OR	95% CI
Anti-Tg(+) versus Anti-Tg(-):
Anti-TPO	4.90	0.001	134.4	(7.7–2350.3)
Current age (years)	0.37	0.041	22.9	(1.13–463.2)
Anti-GAD	3.13	0.01	1.45	(1.09–1.92)
Αnti-TPO(+) or/and anti-Tg(+) versus anti-TPO(-) and anti-Tg(-):
Age at diabetes diagnosis (years)	0.15	0.044	1.16	(1.00–1.35)

Table IV.  Characteristics of children with T1DM according to the presence or the absence of anti-thyroid antibodies.

	Absence of thyroid antibodies	One thyroid antibody positive (+)	Both thyroid antibodies positive (+)	P
	n = 117	n = 12	n = 15
Current age (years)	12.0 ± 4.8	11.9 ± 5.6	16.6 ± 4.7	0.027
Age at diabetes diagnosis (years)	7.8 ± 3.8	8.2 ± 3.9	8.9 ± 4.7	NS
Males (n = 75)	62 (82.6%)	9 (12%)	4 (5.3%)	chi-square = 6.44
Females (n = 69)	55 (79.7%)	3 (4.3%)	11 (15.9%)	P = 0.04
Diabetes duration (years)	4.3 ± 3.7	3.8 ± 2.7	7.4 ± 4.5	0.031
BMI (kg/m^2)	20.5 ± 3.5	20.9 ± 4.6	21.4 ± 4.9	NS
ΗtSDS	0.20 ± 1.21	0.22 ± 0.72	0.16 ± 1.0	NS
T4 (μg/dL)	9.2 ± 2.5	9.2 ± 1.1	8.8 ± 1.1	NS
ΤSH (μIU/L)	2.3 ± 0.8 ^a	3.8 ± 1.9	4.8 ± 1.6 ^b	NS

^a versus ^b: P = 0.002.