Cardiovascular disease risk factors in homeless people

Figures & data

Table I. Characteristics compared to reference values of the study subjects.

Characteristics	No.	%	95% CI
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Normal (SBP <120 and DBP <80)	8	15.7	(7.5–29.1)
Pre-hypertension (SBP 120–139 or DBP 80–89)	16	31.4	(19.5–46.0)
Stage 1 hypertension (SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99)	15	29.4	(17.9–44.0)
Stage 2 hypertension (SBP ≥160 or DBP ≥100)	11	21.6	(11.8–35.7)
Not measured	1	2.0
Pulse rate (b/min)
Low (<70)	9	17.6	(8.9–31.4)
Normal (70–75)	6	11.8	(4.9–24.6)
High (>75)	35	68.6	(54.0–80.5)
Not measured	1	2.0
Waist circumference (cm)
Normal (M <102/F <88)	45	88.2	(75.4–95.1)
Overweight (M ≥102/F ≥88)	6	11.8	(4.9–24.6)
BMI (kg/m²)
Underweight (<18.5)	1	2.0	(0.1–11.8)
Normal (18.5–24.9)	37	72.5	(58.0–83.7)
Overweight (>24.9)	13	25.5	(14.8–39.9)
ALT (U/L)
Normal (M <41/N <31)	36	70.6	(56.0–82.1)
High (M ≥41/N ≥31)	15	29.4	(17.9–44.0)
AST (U/L)
Normal (M <38/F <32)	26	51.0	(36.8–65.0)
High (M ≥38/F ≥32)	25	49.0	(35.0–63.2)
GGT (U/L)
Low (M <10/F <5)	0	0.0	–
Normal (M 10–66/F 5–39)	35	68.6	(54.0–80.5)
High (M >66/F >39)	16	31.4	(19.5–46.0)
CDT (%)
Low (<1.19)	6	11.8	(4.9–24.6)
Normal (1.19–2.47)	23	45.1	(31.4–59.5)
High (>2.47)	22	43.1	(29.6–57.7)
hsCRP (mg/L)
Normal (<5)	30	58.8	(44.2–72.1)
High (≥5)	21	41.2	(27.9–55.8)
TChol (mmol/L)
Normal (<5)	33	64.7	(50.0–77.2)
High (≥5)	18	35.3	(22.8–50.0)
HDL-Chol (mmol/L)
Normal (>1)	51	100.0	–
High (≤1)	0	0.0	–
LDL-Chol (mmol/L)
Normal (<3)	35	68.6	(54.0–80.5)
High (≥3)	15	29.4	(17.9–44.0)
TG (mmol/L)
Normal (<1.7)	45	88.2	(75.4–95.1)
High (≥1.7)	6	11.8	(4.9–24.6)
HbA1c (%)
Low (<4.8)	1	2.0	(0.1–11.8)
Normal (4.8–5.9)	45	88.2	(75.4–95.1)
High (>5.9)	5	9.8	(3.7–22.2)
ApoA1 (g/L)
Low (M <1.0/F <1.1)	0	0.0	–
Normal (M 1.0–2.0/F 1.1–2.3)	43	84.3	(70.8–92.5)
High (M >2.0/F >2.3)	8	15.7	(7.5–29.1)
ApoB (g/L)
Low (M <0.7/F <0.6)	18	35.3	(22.8–50.0)
Normal (M 0.7–1.3/F 0.6–1.2)	29	56.9	(42.3–70.4)
High (M >1.3/F >1.2)	4	7.8	(2.5–19.7)
Lp(a) (g/L)
Normal (M <0.09/F <0.11)	29	56.9	(42.3–70.4)
High (M ≥0.09/N ≥0.11)	22	43.1	(29.6–57.7)
Gluc (mmol/L)
Low (<4.1)	3	5.9	(1.5–17.2)
Normal (4.1–5.9)	28	54.9	(40.5–68.6)
High (>5.9)	20	39.2	(26.2–53.9)
TChol/HDL ratio
Low (M <4.0/F <3.8)	46	90.2	(78.6–96.7)
Normal (M 4.0–23/F 3.8–11)	5	9.8	(3.3–21.4)
High (M >23/F >11)	0	0.0	–
LDL/HDL ratio
Low (M <1.1/F <1.6)	14	27.5	(15.9–41.7)
Normal (M 1.1–7.9/F 1.6–6.0)	37	72.5	(58.3–84.1)
High (M >7.9/F >6.0)	0	0.0	–

SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; BMI = body mass index; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; GGT = gamma-glutamyltransferase; CDT =serum carbohydrate-deficient transferring; hsCRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TChol = total cholesterol; HDL-Chol = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-Chol = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG = triglycerides; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; ApoA1 = apolipoprotein A-1; ApoB = apolipoprotein B; Lp(a) = lipoprotein(a); Gluc = glucose.