Several sources of error in estimation of left ventricular mass with M-mode echocardiography in elderly subjects

Figures & data

Table I. Basic characteristics of subjects (mean ± standard deviation).

	Total PIVUS sample	This sample
n	1016	229
Females (%)	50.2	49.3
Height (cm)	169 ± 9.1	169 ± 9.3
Weight (kg)	77 ± 14	76 ± 13
Waist circumference (cm)	91 ± 12	90 ± 9.8
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	27.0 ± 4.3	26.5 ± 3.6
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	150 ± 23	147 ± 19
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	79 ± 10	78 ± 9.6
Heart rate (beats/min)	62 ± 8.7	61 ± 8.7

Figure 1. Measurements on short-axis magnetic resonance images were placed to correspond with measurements made on M-mode echocardiography and were used to calculate the left ventricular mass with the formula commonly used in echocardiography (LVM_MRI/ASE). The end-diastolic inner left ventricular diameter (LVEDD) was measured from the middle of the inner aspect of the septal wall to the inner aspect of the posterior wall, and the interventricular septal thickness (IVS) and the posterior wall thickness (PW) were measured at the same level. To correspond with a parasternal short-axis M-mode view the image has to be turned 90 degrees clockwise.

Table II. Left ventricular mass (mean ± standard deviation) in women, men, and the entire population calculated from measurements on MR images and echocardiography.

	LVMMRI	Difference (LVMMRI/ASE–LVMMRI)	LVMMRI/ASE	Difference (LVMecho–LVMMRI/ASE)	LVMecho	Difference (LVMecho–LVMMRI)
Women (n = 113)	91 ± 20 g	35 ± 4^a	126 ± 35 g	25 ± 7^a	154 ± 48 g	60 ± 6^a
Men (n = 116)	136 ± 30 g	39 ± 6^a	175 ± 50 g	27 ± 10^a	200 ± 59 g	64 ± 8^a
Total (n = 229)	114 ± 34 g	37 ± 3^a	151 ± 50 g	26 ± 6^a	177 ± 59 g	62 ± 5^a

^a P < 0.0001.

LVM = left ventricular mass;LVM_echo = LVM estimated with M-mode echocardiography using standard techniques; LVM_MRI = LVM estimated with magnetic resonance imaging using standard techniques; LVM_MRI/ASE = LVM calculated with the echocardiography formula from echo-mimicking measurements made on MR images.

Figure 2. Regression analysis of left ventricular mass (LVM) estimates made with M-mode echocardiography (LVM_echo) and with magnetic resonance imaging (LVM_MRI) using standard techniques (A), and calculated with the echocardiography formula from echo-mimicking measurements made on MR images (LVM_MRI/ASE)(B). Coefficients of determination are displayed in the diagrams. Bland–Altman plots displaying the agreement between the measurements of LVM_MRI and LVM_echo (C), and between the measurements of LVM_MRI and LVM_MRI/ASE (D).