Invited Speakers

Figures & data

Table 1  Uptake and efflux by human OAT, OCT and MRP transporters. Substrate concentrations for the OAT and OCT assay were 100 μM, except PAH (50 μM), and incubation times were 5 min. For the MRP assay substrate concentrations were 10 μM, with a 5 min. incubation time and 10 μg vesicles (n≥4).

	Control	OAT1	OAT3	Control	OCT1	OCT2	Control	MRP2	MRP4
	pmol/min/10^4 cells(fold difference from control)			pmol/min/10^4 cells(fold difference from control)			pmol/min/mg(fold difference from control)
Tetraethylammonium bromide				1.0	3.3(3.3)	2.5(2.5)
p-Aminohippuric acid	0.9	5(5.6)	1(1.1)
Estradiol-β-glucuronide							5	20(4)	96(19)
Tenofovir	0.2	19(95)	2.1(11)	7	6(0)	7(0)	0.8	0.8(0)	4.3(5)
Abacavir	0.1	0(0)	0.3(3)	4	6(1.5)	5(1.3)	1	0.4(0)	0.5(0)

Figure 1  Average concentration time profile (aritmetical means) of enalaprilat and enalapril in serum after administration of 20 mg preparation in pig, beagle and human.

Table

Plasma levels	uM NO	uM Trolox^®	uM ADMA	uM H2S
Healthy Controls	23.6 ± 2.3	705,5 ± 35.4	0.131 ± 0.23	57.4 ± 7.0
PAD patients	69.7 ± 4.2	708,8 ± 18.5	0.846 ± 0.093	51.4 ± 4.4

Table 1.  Demographic characteristics of 124 patients with tramadol overdose

Variable	Case (N = 62)	Control (N = 62)	p-value
Age(year)	26.33	29.46	0.5
Male	59	55	0.18
Female	3	7	—
Single	35	27	0.15
Married	27	35

· P-value less than 0.05 considered significant

Table 2.  Comparison of past medical history of the patients with tramadol overdose between the two studied groups (N = 124).

	Case (N = 62)	Control (N = 62)	p-value
Former drug overdose	24	34	0.07
Former tramadol overdose	8	7	0.78
History of seizure	3	5	0.71
CNS* disease	3	5	038
Alcoholism	0	1	1.00
Cigarette smoking	52	45	0.12

* Central Nervous System

Figure 2  Female zebrafish with the dissected intestines (pale pink tissue), liver (darker pink tissue) and gall bladder (green coloured sac)