Endogenous ways to stimulate brown adipose tissue in humans

Figures & data

Figure 1. Molecular endogenous pathways regulating brown adipose tissue function. AR = adrenergic receptor; BAs = bile acids; BMP7 = bone morphogenetic factor type 7; cAMP = cyclic adenosine monophosphate; D2 = type 2 deiodinase; FGF21 = fibroblast growth factor 21; FGF-KLBR = fibroblast growth factor- Klotho-β receptor; NE = norepinephrine; NPRA = natriuretic peptide receptor; NPs = natriuretic peptides; p38 MAPK = cytokinin specific binding protein mitogen-activated protein kinase; PKA = protein kinase A; PKG = cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase; RA = retinoic acid; T3 = triiodothyronine; T4 = thyroxine; TGR5 = transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor 5; TR = thyroid hormone receptor; UCP1 = uncoupling protein 1; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR = vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.