Nutraceuticals for blood pressure control

Figures & data

Table I. ACE-inhibitory activities of lupin proteins hydrolyzed with different enzymes. IC₅₀ values are reported in μg/mL as mean value ± standard deviation of three independent experiments (adapted from Boschin et al., 2014).

Enzyme	Lupinus albus	Lupinus angustifolius	Lupinus luteus
Pepsin	197 ± 2	185 ± 13	176 ± 2
Trypsin	427 ± 17	446 ± 17	343 ± 28
Pepsin + trypsin	205 ± 4	210 ± 2	181 ± 2
Chymotrypsin	301 ± 5	203 ± 6	136 ± 4
Corolase PP^®	488 ± 43	470 ± 27	533 ± 6
Umamizyme	1053 ± 78	933 ± 1	608 ± 64
Flavourzyme	930 ± 4	827 ± 42	1009 ± 33

Figure 1. Effects of dark chocolate (100 g/day) versus white chocolate (90 g/day) given in cross-over design for 15 days each to 20 never-treated essential hypertensives. In all panels individual data are given, as well as vertical lines indicating means ± SD. Asterisks indicate significant differences between dark chocolate versus white chocolate and baseline values (P < 0.05) (60).

Figure 2. Effects of beetroot juice (250 mL) in grade 1 untreated hypertensive patients (n = 15, mean off-treatment BP 139.9/86.5 mmHg). Means ± SEM of ΔSBP, ΔHR, and Δnitrate are given (84).

Grassi D, Necozione S, Lippi C, Croce G, Valeri L, Pasqualetti P, et al. Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives. Hypertension. 2005;46:398–405.

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Ghosh SM, Kapil V, Fuentes-Calvo I, Bubb KJ, Pearl V, Milsom AB, et al. Enhanced vasodilator activity of nitrite in hypertension: critical role for erythrocytic xanthine oxidoreductase and translational potential. Hypertension. 2013;61:1091–102.

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