Effects of cigarette smoking on blood pressure stratified by BMI in Mongolian population, China

Figures & data

Table I. Unadjusted and age–gender-adjusted baseline characteristics according to cigarette smoking status.

	Non-smoker		1–9 CPD		10–19 CPD		>20CPD
Variables	Crude	Adjusted	Crude	Adjusted	Crude	Adjusted	Crude	Adjusted
Family history of hypertension, % (95% CI)	11.0 (9.4–12.7)	13.7 (11.9–15.6)	11.9 (8.4–16.1)	11.7 (9.2–14.1)	12.3 (9.5–15.6)	9.5 (7.2–11.7)	22.7^abc (18.6–27.2)	16.7^C (13.6–19.8)
Alcohol drinker, % (95% CI)	17.5 (15.5–19.5)	24.1 (22.1–26.0)	41.4^a (35.7–47.2)	34.8^a (31.1–38.5)	54.8^ab (50.2–59.3)	42.0^ab (38.8–45.1)	60.9^ab (55.8–65.9)	42.3^ab (39.3–45.3)
BMI>25,% (95% CI)	25.1 (22.9–27.4)	24.2 (22.1–26.4)	14.3^a (10.5–18.8)	12.8^a (9.3–16.2)	11.7^a (9.0–15.0)	9.9^a (7.4–12.3)	16. 9^a (13.3–21.0)	16.2^ac (12.5–19.9)
Central obesity, % (95% CI)	46.8 (44.2–49.4)	46.7 (44.2–49.2)	36.4^a (30.9–42.2)	31.5^a (26.9–36.0)	32.3^a (28.1–36.7)	29.0^a (25.4–32.7)	36.4^a (31.6–41.5)	37.5^ac (33.5–41.6)
FBG>6.1 mmol/1, % (95% CI)	9.7 (8.2–11.4)	9.9 (8.3–11.4)	8.2 (5.3–12.0)	6.9 (4.9–8.8)	6.1 (4.1–8.7)	6.0^a (3.9–8.3)	13.9^C (10.6–17.8)	10.9^C (8.2–13.6)
TG > 1.7 mmol/1, % (95% CI)	14.6 (12.8–16.5)	17.2 (15.3–19.2)	16.8 (12.7–21.6)	16.1 (12.7–19.6)	22.3^a (18.7–26.4)	17.8 (15.0–20.7)	23.3^a (19.1–28.0)	19.3 (15.8–22.9)
TC >5.18 mmol/1, % (95% CI)	9.3 (7.8–10.9)	10.9 (9.3–12.5)	10.0 (6.8–14.0)	8.0 (5.7–10.2)	10.9 (8.2–14.0)	9.5 (7.1–11.9)	13.0 (9.8–16.9)	10.4 (7.7–13.1)
LDL-C>3.37 mmol/1, % (95% CI)	13.6 (11.9–15.5)	15.1 (13.2–17.0)	12.4 (8.8–16.7)	9.9^a (7.3–12.4)	13.9 (10.9–17.3)	13.1 (10.3–15.9)	16.3 (12.7–20.5)	14.8 (12.0–17.7)
HDL-C<1.04 mmol/1, % (95% CI)	37.8 (35.2–40.3)	38.3 (35.8–40.9)	35.74 (30.2–41.5)	33.5 (29.2–37.8)	33.9 (29.6–38.4)	32.2 (28.1–36.2)	41.0 (36.0–46.2)	32.7 (28.5–37.0)
Hypertensive,% (95% CI)	34.9 (32.4–37.4)	39.7 (37.3–42.1)	34.9 (29.7–40.5)	29.6^a (26.2–33.1)	39.7 (35.3–44.3)	31.5^a (28.2–34.8)	45.9^ab (40.8–51.1)	36.8 (32.9–40.7)
SBP (mmHg)	129±25	131±25	130±25	128±21	129±23	126±23^a	135±26^a	131±25^c
DBP (mmHg)	84±13	85±12	84±11	83±12^a	85±13	83±12^a	87±13^a	84±13
Heart rate (beats/min)	77±11	77±12	76±12	76±11	75±ll^a	76±12	77±12	78±12^bc

^aCompared with non-smokers, p<0.05. ^bCompared with light smokers, p<0.05. ^cCompared with moderate smokers, p<0.05. CPD, cigarettes per day; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.

Table II. Multivariate adjusted^a mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension according to smoking status.

				Hypertension
Smoking status	n	SBP	DBP	OR	95% CI	p
Non-smoker	1437	130±22	85±12	1.00
1—9 CPD	295	129±21	84 ±11	0.77	0.56–1.03	0.084
10—19 CPD	478	128±22	84±12	0.82	0.63–1.06	0.135
>20 CPD	379	129±22	83±12	0.80	0.60–1.06	0.119
p-value for Linear test		0.36	0.06		0.07
p-value for Quadratic test		0.13	0.65		0.32

^aMultivariable adjustment included age, gender, family history of hypertension, alcohol drinking, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, heart rate.

Table III. Multivariate adjusted^a mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) according to smoking status by body mass index (BMI).

	BMI<25			BMI≥25
Smoking status	n	SBP	DBP	n	SBP	DBP
Non-smoker	1076	129±22	84±12	361	137±22	90±13
1—9 CPD	252	126±21	82±1l^b	43	141±22	89±12
10—19 CPD	421	125±21^b	83 ±1l^b	57	135±23	89±13
>20 CPD	315	128±22	82 ± 12^b	64	132±23^b	87±13
p-value for linear test		0.48	0.03		0.04	0.18
p-value for quadratic test		0.02	0.43		0.20	0.68

^aMultivariable adjustment included age, gender, family history of hypertension, alcohol drinking, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, heart rate. ^bCompared with non-smoker, p<0.05.

Table IV. Multivariate adjusted^a odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for smoking stratified by body mass index (BMI).

	BMI<25				BM>25
Smoking status	n	OR	95% CI	p	n	OR	95% CI	p
Non-smoker	1076	1.00			361	1.00
1–9 CPD	252	0.72	0.51–1.02	0.066	43	1.02	0.46–1.92	0.945
10–19 CPD	421	0.87	0.65–1.17	0.361	57	0.78	0.39–1.54	0.471
>20 CPD	315	0.79	0.57–1.10	0.163	64	0.61	0.32–1.17	0.135
p-valve for linear test			0.36				0.17
p-valve for quadratic test			0.11				0.73

^aMultivariable adjustment included age, gender, family history of hypertension, alcohol drinking, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, heart rate.